Right or Privelege

There has been an ongoing debate for quite some time now about whether health care is a privilege that one earns or is a right. Throughout the news on television and throughout the newspapers and internet has been a lot of talk about the different types of insurances that we use to pay for medical care. Those insurances include the new Obama Care, Medicare for the elderly, Medicaid for the deemed needy as well as regular insurances that either employers or employees pay for out of pocket.Listening to the news as well as reading in the papers and on the internet all I hear and see is all the same things. What I haven't seen or heard was anything about our values and ethics as people. WSDL anyone think that it is okay to let someone die due to lack of health insurance or the wrong insurance? Everyone is different with their morals and values but I do not think that anyone would agree to letting someone die because they do not have insurance. I for one do not think that it is right at a ll and no matter what I think that if someone is ill then they should be treated right away.There was a Harvard Health study done that estimates around forty-five thousand people a year die due to not being adequately insured. Not only do those forty-five thousand die but according to a study done by the American Journal of Medicine they estimated about sixty-two percent of bankruptcies are due to medical illness and seventy-five percent of those people had coverage by insurance. I don't believe that health care should be considered a privilege. If it were considered a privilege then most of this country population would not be able to afford to pay for it.With the growing number or illness, especially within the elderly and knowing that they are on fixed incomes they need health coverage. I care for a stroke Health Care victim. She was originally paying for her health insurance out of her own pocket until her Medicare came into effect. With permanent disability they have to be disa bled for two years before they are covered by Medicare which I don't think is right either. Thankfully I was able to get her into the Medicaid program as well because she could not afford the health insurance out of her own pocket and she needs her medications which are quite expensive.Imagine if all of the elderly and disabled had to pay for their own medications, they wouldn't be able to live and function. As stated by The Stillwater Gazette (2012), â€Å"l believe medical care is a right that a civilized country provides its citizens. I do not the right employer. † I agree with The Stillwater Gazette, that medical care is something that everyone deserves because it is very important. For less fortunate who cannot afford to pay for their own health care and a lot of times cannot afford to pay for coverage through work.What happens is that it tends to â€Å"clog† the emergency rooms making it harder for the nurses and doctors to care for those who truly need trauma tr eatment. I have read and heard of people who do not have health coverage going to the emergency rooms for colds, coughs and general illnesses including the flu because the emergency rooms cannot turn anyone away. If there was a cheaper and easier way for everyone to get medical insurance then the emergency rooms would be less crowded and open and ready for those who truly need it.It would then also help regular Mad's with their practices because they would be able to have more patients to keep themselves in business. Driving through towns here in New Jersey I was able to Health Care count numerous doctors, even my old childhood doctor, losing their medical buildings due to a lack of patients. Due to recent technological advances our morbidity rates have dropped and our mortality rates have increased. Even though our technology has advanced it has caused the cost of health care to skyrocket our of reach for those who cannot afford it ND do not have health coverage.If health care was a right then the forty-five thousand people would have survived and gotten the care that they needed no matter how much the cost has risen. WSDL anyone be able to let an elder go without their routine check ups and their medications? I know I wouldn't be able to and I couldn't let my mother-in-law go without hers. What they need to do is come up with a general health care plan for everyone who cannot afford insurance to cover general doctor visits, emergency care when needed, eye care and also dental.

Cultures in the World Essay

To define culture is not easy because culture means different things to different people. Hence there many definitions of culture as there are many different cultures in the World. Anthropologists define culture as social behaviour of human beings. To others dance, music, theatre, artifacts and fashion constitute culture. On the other hand, fashion is a style characteristic of the social elite and is mainly associated with social class and is highly dynamic. Hence fashion should be in current mode for instance a garment. Fashion, style, vogue or even mode are used interchangeably to refer to a preferred type of dress, behaviour, adornment or a way of life at a given time span. In broadest terms fashion usually refers to conventions which are generally accepted by a society or by any culture or even a subculture. Style like mode often stresses the adherence to standards and elegance and should be socially accepted. For instance miniskirts were the mode in the late sixties. Vogue is applied to style or fashion that prevails widely but often suggests enthusiastic but short lived acceptance (The American heritage 2003). Wilson, further states that fashion is always in a continual change and sets the terms for all sartorial behaviour (Wilson 2003). The importance of fashion can never be overemphasized in the current world since fashion now is always around us from media to our daily lives in clothing and even automobile sector. Let it be clearly noted that fashion is for aesthetic as well as societal class, elegance and modesty. In the current years fashion has become a major factor affecting the psychosocial wellbeing of major cultures and subcultures in the world. This influences the life of people both in style and preferences and their economical sphere. The growth of fashion is linked with the development of cities and urban centres in the 14th century and the growing sophistication of the courts. But it is only in 15th and 16th centuries when people developed the culture of fashion and class such that they felt shameful to wear outdated clothes (Wilson 2003). The entrance of fashion led to increased spending on clothes and a clear cut class differences. The rise of bourgeoisie became so much crucial in the development of fashion and style. The poorest class received the cheapest clothing with the people in the highest level in class ladder wearing the most expensive clothes. With the rise of Industrial revolution came capitalism hence new markets for clothes in fashion and fashion became more and more important with the circulation of images in mass communication. GENDER AND FASHION In the current contemporary world, fashion has become the order of the day. Media houses and world class beauty and model centres have been developed all over the world especially in Europe and U. S. A. However, unlike the past where fashion was associated with female, this industry welcomes both genders nowadays. But because of the past skewed interest of ladies in the industry they are still the major players. Nevertheless, almost every one in the current society setting especially in urban areas appreciates fashion and style and is a product of the same in one way or another. People are more conscious when it comes to fashion and no one is willing to be left behind in the outdated world hence consumption of these fashion products has tremendously risen. ‘Dress is a practical negotiation between the fashion system, the social conditions of everyday life such as class and gender as well as rules or norm governing particular social situations. The outcome of this complex interaction cannot be known in advance precisely because the habitus will improvise and adapt to these conditions’. Thus dress is a personal attempt to orientate ourselves to particular circumstances and thus recognise the structural influences of the social world and the individual on the other (Entwistle 2000) FASHION AND MODERNITY Fashion has kept pace with modern life. It has followed every step the global world is making and is by itself part and parcel of the globalised world. From North to South, West to East fashion is seen to influence the global ways of life. However, this is bringing about similarity and extinction of cultures since fashion and culture are linked and the change of one leads to change of the other. Since fashion is dynamic it follows that the fashion of yester years is different from the fashion of today hence today’s fashion is new and can be termed as modern. Modern fashion has greatly been affected by the present technological advancement and the entrance of new marketing approach. For example, the use of internet has revolutionized this industry. It is not a wonder therefore what is considered modern in London today is even being used the following day in Washington. This has promoted customized fashion products to promote what many fashion stars look for in fashion; uniqueness and class. Fashion and style industry has in the recent decades been well established with increased sales as many people go for class and fashion. Also, the quality of the products has greatly developed thus fashion has become our way of life. FASHION, SUBCULTURAL & YOUTH STYLES It is important to distinguish between the concept of youth culture and youth subcultures. In general terms youth culture is more homogenous, doing similar things and being treated in the same way playing down aspects of differentiation. This idea was much popular with U. S sociologists in early 1960s. In modern youth culture emphasis is more on subcultures. Unlike the 20th c where fashion was highly linked with class, in 21st c the line of demarcation has narrowed and the mode of classification is not only on class lines but across a wide plane of social and cultural identities. Hence the youth even in ghettos are coming up with their modes of fashion. The issue of subcultures within the large framework of culture in a society is a major phenomenon. Hence these subcultures act as the seed bed for fashion that is embraced by the larger society. The link between class and identity is far less apparent in the 20th c, in particular since high fashion is democratised and not longer the prerogative of a small elite. In contemporary culture distinction does not run along class lines alone but across a wide plane of social identities. Thus, rather than being only imposed from the top, fashion is also ‘bubbling up’ from the street and youth cultures (Entwistle 2000). The use of style brings across clear identity within the youth and serves to sometimes oppose dominant values within the society. Youth tend to solve their problems of culture and fashion in their own unique understandable way hence they act against the main stream fashions of the old. However their fashions and style are dominantly affected by the media and celebrities entertainment industry. Fashion trends brought forward by top musicians come fast and go quickly. These fashions and styles linked with subcultures are known to be diverse as the youth are dynamic. Therefore the rate of change of any fashion within a subculture is higher than in the dominant cultures. The youth also customise fashions by either adding or removing some parts from the original fashion to create a different identity. And for sure youth have revolutionised the world of fashion and culture, in the contemporary world. Therefore fashion is regarded as a mode of identity by the youth and serves as the avenue through which the youth express themselves. EFFECTS OF FASHION ON CONSUMERISM The cycle of fashion in the modern times has been found to influence the level of consumerism in the current world. Fashion is fueled by change and conversion. Designers always persuade their customers that their new fashions are everything they need. In the next season the same designers convince their customers to bade farewell to outdated designs and instead embrace the new trends in their latest collections. Western society’s culture of mass consumerism has widely been influenced by the fashion cycle. Sociologist Stella C. (1993) likens fashion cycle with the rolling waves of the sea. As one fashion gains popularity and is outdated another style is gaining momentum and this change our modern culture. Today’s fashion is not only placed on the contest of youth, sexuality and historicism, but also previous culture movements and shows fashion reflects its surrounding, its subjects but ultimately itself. FASHION AND CLASS Fashion is known to influence lifestyle and how people relate within the society. However this relationship is both on the individual and societal levels. Fashion is a product of class division since many people want to be seen in a unique way within any given society and societies also show their class differences using fashion hence affecting the culture of present societies. CONCLUSION It is true that fashion and culture are highly interlinked. A culture that appreciates fashion is a culture that is dynamic and ready to follow where its fashion leads it to. Modern culture is hinged on the fashion of each passing day and unlike the past psychosocial behaviour is influenced by fashion on a larger scale. Youth subcultures promote their own form of fashion which may be interlinked with fashions within the larger sphere of culture. These fashions serve to show their rebellious identity. The cycle of fashion has seen unnecessary changes of fashion due to designers who look forward to make profits and are out to change fashions as quickly as practicably possible. Hence the world is supposed to be aware of these uncalled changes in fashions. Unethical issues are also related to fashion and culture. Therefore, some people see it like their religious and spiritual beliefs are affected by fashion. However on a global perspective fashion has promoted the entrance of more products in the world market leading to increased competitiveness. Modern global culture is a mirror of fashion and design. REFERENCES Bruzzi Stella, and Patricia Gibson, 2000, Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations, and Analysis. London; New York: Routledge. Craik, Jennifer, 1993, The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion. London; New York: Routledge. Entwistle, J. 2000, The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press. Malossi, G. 2000, Material Man: Masculinity, Sexuality, Style. New York: H. N. Abrams. The American Heritage, 2003, Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition by Houghton Mifflin Company. U. S. A.

Male vs Female Friendships

Male vs Female Friendships BY sf0409928 Male Vs. Female Friendships How different is a friendship with a woman from the one with a man? What do you prefer? Are they the same kind of friendship or does it depend on the person? I have my own opinions to compare and contrast about these two kinds of friendships, such as confidence, places to go out and the way of thinking. Confidence is very important to establish in a friendship.Confessing something is difficult but when you have someone important who can listen to you and give you ome advice is great. I think most women tend to criticize you or be more gossipy with what you tell them. On the other hand, men are more reliable with your secrets and most of the time listen to you without criticizing. Another important aspect to consider is the places to go out. I think I have more options with female friends than with male friends. With female friends you can go shopping, since girls can shop forever with no problem.Also girls can go to clubs ogether and get discounts on drinks, Just because they are women. A male friend doesn't like to shop as much as females. One advantage is you can go to clubs with men and never feel alone, because he is always going to be taking care of you. The way of thinking influences so much in a friendship. Most women think with their hearts and always try to give you the best advice. Men on the other hand, are more blunt. They will tell you exactly how they feel even if it's going to hurt your eelings.The one thing to remember is that a true friend will always tell you the truth. I think women and men both make excellent friends. It depends on the situation your in whether you want to chill with men or women at the time. Depending on what you want to do or want to talk about is when you will make that decision. Just remember good friends are hard to come by. Whether they are male or female Just remember the happiness that he or she brings into your life.

Why Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why Technology - Essay Example odern age. Laptops, tablets, PCs, mobile devices are creating new economic and business opportunities and students need these skills to compete effectively in the economy for career placement. 2- Reflections on what you learned about teaching, learning and technology? Teaching, learning, and technology are all joined by the common denominator that what one does with a tool is more important than any other aspect of learning. There are many situations where a person may have many resources – academic, economic, and social – but fails to produce anything with the opportunity. Therefore, it is not only providing options but also action that should define aspects of technology, learning, and education. This means class participation, projects, and hands-on building activities to generate new projects and practical experience. 3- Statements of how or why this is important to you and your class and students.

Management--corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management--corporate governance - Essay Example It has been observed that there exists a high level of inequality in the society and the same could prove to be disastrous for the development of an economy. It is thus with, this objective that the recommendations are sought to improve the workings of the corporate world, encourage equality, transparency and accountability and make the Australian remuneration system internationally competitive - i.e. at par with international standards. According to the new recommendations, the key management personnel will now be prohibited from voting their shares on remuneration reports. Such a step would bring about significant reforms in the corporate world, and encourage entrepreneurship and innovation, thus contributing to the nation's economy and prosperity. Furthermore by prohibiting the management from voting their shares on the remuneration report, it would help in increasing shareholder signal on non-binding vote thus leading to better informed shareholders. The recommendations 4 through 9 (with the exception of recommendation 5) essentially seeks to restrict the activities of the shareholders with regard to their voting rights on the basis of remuneration reports; simplify the language used in such reports to make it more accessible to the investors; and to encourage the disclosure of remuneration paid to all management personnel occupying key positions in organizations as opposed to the existing arrangement which stipulates the reporting of remuneration of the top five management personnel. Concerns have been raised regarding the remuneration received by executives and particularly with regard to the level of average wages received by them. These concerns have existed since long, but have caught momentum in the wake of the global financial crisis resulting in a substantial reduction in the shareholder wealth, and the resultant consequences - those of rising unemployment in the nation. The key objective thus, of establishing a robust framework for deciding appropr iate remuneration for executives is to ensure that the trust of the communities at large in corporate governance is suitably upheld, in the larger benefit of the wider economy. The reforms in executive remuneration have been sought by various segments of the society since long, and such changes, are aimed at resolving the issues raised by the them, with regard to excessive payments made to the executives which depict their greed and mismanagement / misappropriation of funds; which is likely to culminate into a financial crisis, affecting a large section of the society as well as the economy. Furthermore, the recommendations would help in putting an end to constant public enquires and outcry with regard to their deteriorating standards of living on account of increase in taxes to bail out companies caught in deep financial crisis. Furthermore, the Commission aims to ensure through these recommendations that it will help in reducing or eliminating the at least some of the doubts and c oncerns revolving the remunerations paid to the directors and key management personnel and reinforce faith in the investors, and in the wider community. One of the key objectives is to stabilize management remuneration and prevent it

American Religious groups and History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Religious groups and History - Essay Example Religion has played a vital role in the establishment of major universities and learning centers such as the Harvard, Princeton, Williams, and Yale among others. Different regions of the country have different representations of the religious groups with the rural consisting of few Catholics except some areas such as Louisiana and the Gulf Coast. Most of the Catholics are in the urban areas such as the Great Lakes and the industrial and mining regions. Judaism is also a religious group in America and is the second largest after and Frank y. Many of the people prophesying Judaism faith are Jews and their descendants and have existed since the 17th Century. Islam takes the third position in America although it just represents a 0.9 percent of the entire population. The other religious groups include the Rastafarianism, Baha’i among others. There are people who do not profess affiliation to any religion and are associated with Atheism, Agnosticism, and Humanism. This population i s increasing at a high rate although they are associated with materialism, criminal behavior, and cultural elitism. America is, therefore, experiencing an increase in religious groups and increase in those who profess no religion. During the period of religious movement in America, the great awakening led to divisions among the denominations such as Baptists, Methodists, and the Presbyterians. Although the first American Protestant Mission was in 1820 in Hawaii, most of the triumphalism happened in the 1960s.

The effects of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The effects of Globalization - Essay Example In economic sphere, globalization brings new opportunities to developing countries through capital injections, new technology and innovative ways of production. After all, the total value of world trade exploded from $57 billion in 1947 to an astonishing $6 trillion in the late 1990s (Easterly 43). In the last few years, the public debate over the alleged benefits and drawbacks of free trade reached a feverish pitch as wealthy Northern countries have increased their efforts to establish a single global market through regional and international trade-liberalization agreements such NAFTA and GATT. Free trade proponents assure the public that the elimination or reduction of existing trade barriers among nations will enhance consumer choice, increase global wealth, secure peaceful international relations, and spread new technologies around the world (Easterly 2001). Following Bhagwati (2001): "Economic globalization constitutes integration of national economies into the international eco nomy through trade, direct foreign investment, short-term capital flows, international flows of workers and humanity generally" (1). There is evidence that some national economies have increased their productivity as a result of free trade. Moreover, there are some benefits that accrue to societies through specialization, competition, and the spread of technology. But it is less clear whether the profits resulting from free trade have been distributed fairly within and among countries. Most studies show that the gap between rich and poor countries is widening at a fast pace (Easterly 34). Free trade proponents have encountered severe criticism from labour unions and environmental groups who claim that the elimination of social control mechanisms has resulted in a lowering of global labour standards, severe forms of ecological degradation, and the growing indebtedness of the global South to the North. The internationalization of trade has gone hand in hand with the liberalization of financial transactions (Webber and Fort, 62). Globalization of financial trading allows for increased mobility among different segments of the financial industry, with fewer restrictions and greater investment opportunities. TNCs (transnational corporations) have consolidated their global operations in an increasingly deregulated global labour market. The availability of cheap labour, resources, and favourable production conditions in the global South has enhanced corporate mobility and profitability. Globalization boosts productivity and improves production processes in LDCs (less developed countries) like China, India, Korea and Singapore. Today, these countries become the core of global production and economic activities (Bhagwat 72). TNCs and new technology bring new cultural patterns and western style of life changing traditions and values of isolated regions. Cultural globalization refers to the intensification and expansion of cultural flows across the globe. Obviously, 'culture' is a very broad concept; it is frequently used to describe the whole of human experience. In order to avoid the ensuing problem of overgeneralization, it is important to make analytical distinctions between aspects of

Generation and Gender management in workplace Research Paper

Generation and Gender management in workplace - Research Paper Example Hence, managing diverse people are challenging for the organizations. People from different generations’ forms a part of the workforce, where the new employees have to work along with several elder employees (Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2014). The paper deals with reflecting upon a work experience in Sheraton hotel to investigate generations and gender management in the workplace. Generally, there are four generations in the workplace. One of the oldest generations working in an organization is ‘Veterans’, born between the years 1922 to 1946. Veterans are the senior most people working in an organization, in terms of age bar. However, in Sheraton Hotel, there are no veterans. The next category generation is the Baby Boomers, born between the years 1946 to 1964. Most of the baby boomers are experienced, particularly due to the fact that the people of this generation have faced challenges during both good and difficult times of the organizations. These baby boomers gain knowledge from their experience, skills, and thinking abilities. Furthermore, baby boomers believe that whether they carry any specific educational degree or not, a person can gain success only through personal experiences with an organization. They value the corporate timings and organizational motives, and are inflexible to trends of the people in their personal and professional c ulture. In Sheraton Hotel, there is only one female baby boomer, employed as dormitory supervisor. She is a middle-aged woman, whose chief responsibility is to maintain the dormitory surroundings clear. She has gained experienced in this work, which she relates to her numerous achievements after she was elected as the dormitory supervisor years back. She acted as a vital source of motivation for me, because she exercised a strong influence over the middle level employees and trainees.

Eithics in History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eithics in History - Essay Example Each of these has been supported by evidences and views. In the case of first, capitalist phenomena trigged by the concept of globalized trends and international cooperation in the field of science, politics, economy is mentioned. The religious ideologies and religious mindsets are put aside for the sake of a more uniform and organized system of operation in the global sphere. The second agent of the world transformation mentioned by Benjamin A. Barber is that of Jihad. Jihad as in the modern context of political and more predominantly the physical might with regard to the social standing and overall social influence on a given state and given individual. Owing to the hardliner and extremist views carried by the latter mindset ( Jihadist mindset), the former in the form of the globalized world believers and individuals are forced to unit into a single tier where they vehemently abhor the ideas and the manner of influencing undertaken by the Jihadist and extremist mindset. The element of social entities such as norms and other societal components have been mentioned and at the same time quoted for with regard to their standing and influence on the individuals and society as a whole. His paradox of the idea and view advocating the concept of conflict and bitter views towards the each bench group is supported by and defended through the views of the social standing at present. With the world split bitterly into two with the Jihadist mindset aiming to overtake the other and vice versa. The author has given examples of the states and entities such as Bosnia and Rwanda as the regions and countries that have been hit by the plague of hatred, ideological differences and similarly separating and splitting views and opinions. On the other side the ideas of social progress and capitalist mindset has brought about people in the West. This bringing about is based on the function of global partnerships, support systems, economic assistances and

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example She jumps to the stage and starts singing and dancing, and along with her, everybody dances. The dwarfed dancers sing and dance aside the eatables over the tables as the astonished and overwhelmed real-size guests watch them. In the end, one of the female guests passes a compliment for the girl, appreciating her energy and performance. The commercial ends with the girl’s wink to the audience. The main idea of the whole commercial is that Pepsi is the answer to all the thirst and tiredness, and the effect is equally strong upon people of all ages and all ethnicities. Pepsi instills all the freshness and energy in the person who drinks it that he/she needs to rock. The performers have been purposely dwarfed in the commercial. This variation in size not only adds a lot of drama in the commercial, but also suggests that those who drink Pepsi are taken by its joy into an imaginary world of happiness and joy where they can sing and dance and party wherever they want. Nothing could be more appropriate to end the commercial with than the wink of the girl that has been the center of attention throughout the commercial. Ever since the conception of Pepsi around the start of the 20th century, one of its primary goals has been outselling Coca-Cola because it is Pepsi’s main competitor. Pepsi has been using commercials to promote its product for decades. Pepsi has run numerous campaigns, including famous celebrities in many of them to make a claim. The fundamental ideology behind this has been that ordinary people should drink Pepsi because stars and celebrities drink it. For instance, the â€Å"Joy of Cola† campaign of Pepsi run in the late 90’s, Pepsi used a combination of factors including catchy jingles, humor, and celebrities to sell itself. The pathos, logos, and ethos used in â€Å"Joy of Cola† have helped Pepsi bring its consumers in the new millennium. The Pepsi jingle for this campaign was a very suitable jingle for Pepsi because it had the tendency

Juvenile Courts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Juvenile Courts - Coursework Example Some juveniles lacked the cognitive capacity to judge between the â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† calling for proper counselling and rehabilitation for a given duration. According to the article, the intent of juvenile court establishment has changed with time. Juvenile courts were not meant to punish juvenile offenders but to give guidance through rehabilitation and counselling programs (Soulier & Charles, 2010). Juveniles, as mentioned in the article, lack the cognitive capacity to commit an offense intentionally. This is because they are still in the developmental stage and through rehabilitation and counselling, they get to realise their mistakes or offenses. Today, some juvenile offenses are channelled to the adult courts and this is contrary to the initial juvenile court act as depicted by the article (Soulier & Charles, 2010). In the adult courts, criminals or offenders are subjected to harsh and weighty punishments that tend to be unbearable to the juvenile. A juvenile being in the developmental stage, should be advised and engaged in activities that boost their cognitive stamina or capacity. Many juveniles who have been incarcerated tend to repeat similar offenses due to lack of proper guidance. Some juveniles may also commit an offense due to psychological or mental problems. This makes it necessary to conduct medical examination on a juvenile and administer possible psychological or mental therapies. All these activities should be within the jurisdiction of a juvenile court. According to the author’s notion, abolishing juvenile courts is ideal and important to the society. Juveniles in the contemporary world are treated as adults and this makes it difficult to reduce juvenile delinquency. Jailing of juveniles destroy their future because of the stigma and lack of cognitive stamina growth to differentiate good and bad (Soulier & Charles, 2010). Counselling and rehabilitation creates both psychological and mental awareness of

Problem Solving Process Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving Process Essay 1. Define the problem This is often where people struggle. They react to what they think the problem is. Instead, seek to understand more about why you think theres a problem. Define the problem: (with input from yourself and others). Ask yourself and others, the following questions: 1.What can you see that causes you to think theres a problem? 2.Where is it happening? 3.How is it happening? 4.When is it happening? 5.With whom is it happening? (HINT: Dont jump to Who is causing the problem? When were stressed, blaming is often one of our first reactions. To be an effective manager, you need to address issues more than people.) 6.Why is it happening? 7.Write down a five-sentence description of the problem in terms of The following should be happening, but isnt or The following is happening and should be: As much as possible, be specific in your description, including what is happening, where, how, with whom and why. (It may be helpful at this point to use a variety of research methods. Defining complex problems: If the problem still seems overwhelming, break it down by repeating steps 1-7 until you have descriptions of several related problems. Verifying your understanding of the problems: It helps a great deal to verify your problem analysis for conferring with a peer or someone else. Prioritize the problems: If you discover that you are looking at several related problems, then prioritize which ones you should address first. Note the difference between important and urgent problems. Often, what we consider to be important problems to consider are really just urgent problems. Important problems deserve more attention. For example, if youre continually answering urgent phone calls, then youve probably got a more important problem and thats to design a system that screens and prioritizes your phone calls. Understand your role in the problem: Your role in the problem can greatly influence how you perceive the role of others. For example, if youre very stressed out, itll probably look like others are, too, or, you may resort too quickly to blaming and reprimanding others. Or, you are feel very guilty about your role in the problem, you may ignore the accountabilities of others. 2. Look at potential causes for the problem †¢Its amazing how much you dont know about what you dont know. Therefore, in this phase, its critical to get input from other people who notice the problem and who are effected by it. †¢Its often useful to collect input from other individuals one at a time (at least at first). Otherwise, people tend to be inhibited about offering their impressions of the real causes of problems. †¢Write down what your opinions and what youve heard from others. †¢Regarding what you think might be performance problems associated with an employee, its often useful to seek advice from a peer or your supervisor in order to verify your impression of the problem. †¢Write down a description of the cause of the problem and in terms of what is happening, where, when, how, with whom and why. 3. Identify alternatives for approaches to resolve the problem At this point, its useful to keep others involved (unless youre facing a personal and/or employee performance problem). Brainstorm for solutions to the problem. Very simply put, brainstorming is collecting as many ideas as possible, then screening them to find the best idea. Its critical when collecting the ideas to not pass any judgment on the ideas just write them down as you hear them. (A wonderful set of skills used to identify the underlying cause of issues is Systems Thinking.) 4. Select an approach to resolve the problem †¢When selecting the best approach, consider: †¢Which approach is the most likely to solve the problem for the long term? †¢Which approach is the most realistic to accomplish for now? Do you have the resources? Are they affordable? Do you have enough time to implement the approach? †¢What is the extent of risk associated with each alternative? (The nature of this step, in particular, in the problem solving process is why problem solving and decision making are highly integrated.) 5. Plan the implementation of the best alternative (this is your action plan) 1.Carefully consider What will the situation look like when the problem is solved? 2.What steps should be taken to implement the best alternative to solving the problem? What systems or processes should be changed in your organization, for example, a new policy or procedure? Dont resort to solutions where someone is just going to try harder. 3.How will you know if the steps are being followed or not? (these are your indicators of the success of your plan) 4.What resources will you need in terms of people, money and facilities? 5.How much time will you need to implement the solution? Write a schedule that includes the start and stop times, and when you expect to see certain indicators of success. 6.Who will primarily be responsible for ensuring implementation of the plan? 7.Write down the answers to the above questions and consider this as your action plan. 8.Communicate the plan to those who will involved in implementing it and, at least, to your immediate supervisor. (An important aspect of this step in the problem-solving process is continually observation and feedback.) 6. Monitor implementation of the plan Monitor the indicators of success: 1.Are you seeing what you would expect from the indicators? 2.Will the plan be done according to schedule? 3.If the plan is not being followed as expected, then consider: Was the plan realistic? Are there sufficient resources to accomplish the plan on schedule? Should more priority be placed on various aspects of the plan? Should the plan be changed? 7. Verify if the problem has been resolved or not One of the best ways to verify if a problem has been solved or not is to resume normal operations in the organization. Still, you should consider: 1.What changes should be made to avoid this type of problem in the future? Consider changes to policies and procedures, training, etc. 2.Lastly, consider What did you learn from this problem solving? Consider new knowledge, understanding and/or skills. 3.Consider writing a brief memo that highlights the success of the problem solving effort, and what you learned as a result. Share it with your supervisor, peers and subordinates.

SAP Brief Information And Study Computer Science Essay

SAP Brief Information And Study Computer Science Essay Nestle SA, the world largest food and beverage company decided to implement SAP systems to all of their branches and subsidiaries company. This project call Nestle Globe project (Global Business Excellence) roll over 500 facilities in 70 countries around the world and using enormous amount of budget at $2.4 billion. Nestle Globe have three objective To Create standard best practices business process for Nestle organization To create standard set of Nestle data and use to whole Nestle organization. To implement standard information systems infrastructures and SAP was chosen. In 2006 Nestle globe project expected to pay back its implement cost at $ 2.4 billion and increase Globe operating company from 30% in 2005 to 80% by end of 2006. Moreover, Nestle decide to cap their spending of information technology at 1.9% of sales each year. Background of Organization: Nestle SA Corporation is the worlds largest nutrition and food company operates in 86 countries around the world, employ around 280,000 people and have factories or operations site in almost all countries around the world. Nestle primary sells wide variety of food and beverage categories in many well known brands such as magi, nescafà ©, nestea, coffeemate , Nestle sales were almost $ 2.4 billion in 2010 (David Barne,2010). bgNestleLogo.png SAP Brief Information: SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) ERP systems is enterprise resource planning (ERP) software produced by SAP AG. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is systems designed to integrate core activity with in organization together in order to increase company performances (Markus et al., 2000). SAP use concept of modules by providing separated functional modules for specific core activities within companies such as SAP-Financial and Accounting for accounting related transactions, SAP-Sales and Distribution focus on sales operations, each modules can be purchased, installed and operated separately but use same database (Monk, Ellen F. and Wagner, Brej J. ,2009). Problems: The main problems before ERP implementation was data integration among various of systems within Nestle organization structures. For example, Nestle USA had problems with 29 brands of vanilla that every plant order vanilla to the same vendor seperately and result in paying 29 different prices (Worthen,Ben 2002). Introduction From 1997 to 2000 ,Nestle company was going to re-engineer their over all business processes amd implement SAP systems as one standatize systems to Nestle and its subsidiaries comapny.The first Nestle ERP implementation began at Nestle USA, when Nestle USA decided to implement ERP systems and they selected SAP as their system solutions, this project also known as Best (Business Excellence thorough Systems Technology) (Worthen,Ben 2002). Best schedule for six years of implementation from first quater of 1997 to first quater of 2003, this project was budgeted over $200 million and would implement five SAP modules ( purchasing , financials, sales and distribution, account payable, acount receivable) (Worthen,Ben 2002 pg.1 3). This ERP project goal was to create centralize solution between Nestle comapny and their subordinate brand. The second Nestle ERP implementation happen in 1999 at Nestle UK, which decided to use SAP R/3 as Nestle USA to 18 UK manufacturing sites with 6,000 SAP users (Bryan Glick, 2001). The main objectives of this movement was to improve efficiency across the company from Nestle UK inventory management, supply chain and change business processes to be more competitive for tough competitions (Glick, Bryan, 2001). In 2000,the third and the largest ERP implementation projects up until now happen when Nestle SA(Nestle Headquater) determined to launch their Globe (Global Business Excellence) project in order to move whole company to one integrated company instead of set of individual operating units (Bendoly.E. and F.R. Jacobs ,2005). Before implementation, Nestle had around 140 different financial systems(Malcolm Whetley ,2001), but after Globe project Nestle would have only SAP for all its manufacturing, sales and distribution and financial operations( Barnes, D., 2008). Globe would cost $2.4 billion, the highest implementation cost in history (Barnes, D., 2008). Globe scopes were developing business processes best practices, creating data management and data standards and standardize Nestles information systems by using Mysap.com (Ray, R., 2010). Ray, R., 2010 claimed that in 2006, Globe covered half of Nestlà ©s food and beverage business with overall coverage of 90,000 users, 300 factories and 350 distribution centers Means Part: SAP Key technologies: SAP R/3 ERP applications operate though separate functional modules that control specific operation such as accounting, inventory management and integrated with SAP database together. All functional modules could perform separately according to client system environment and also can effectively integrate with non-SAP application. For example, Nestle USA did not implement SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer (SAP APO) for their supply chain management systems but using Manugistics supply chain management systems instead ,Manugistics and SAP could perform smoothly together results in saving $325 million for Nestle USAs supply chain improvement (Worthen, Ben 2002). In addition, SAP contains industry solutions package that enhance SAP performance in specific industry such as leasing, industrials, banking, which have industry-specific functionality. Moreover, due to centralize database, all module could use data from database without redundancy problems. For example, account receivable modu les use same existing customer master data as sales and distribution use when doing account receivable related functions. Last but not least, even SAP is software package systems but SAP could customize the application modules for specific client requirement by using ABAP language, specify SAP programming language. SAP R/3 can divide into 4 function parts; logistics, accounting, human resources and cross applications (figure1.0 R/3 systems). sap R3 systems.png Figure 1.0: R/3 systems SAP R/3 Logistic parts consists of 3 main modules responsible for logistics with in companies Sales and distribution modules this module related to sales transaction such as making sales order, customer debate payback Material Management modules focus on material management within organization from posting material to company stock, posting payable data, stock information Production Planning modules focus on production planning within organization such as create bill of material and production setting. SAP R/3 accounting parts control and integration of financial information within It consists of 3 core modules to create flexible solution control over company accounting information Financial and accounting consists of modules related to manage accounting transaction within company such as account payable, account receivable, treasury. Controlling modules focus on costing method within organization. Asset Management is modules designed to manage and monitor asset information within organization. Human Resource division parts responsible for SAP resource management within organization including 3 main modules. Quality management manage control process over material quality of vendors and manufacturers Plant maintenance for maintenance task Human resource specialize module for manage human resource such as pay roll SAP cross functional application : modules that affect to many modules when it was implement Project management modules include tools for project management Work flow modules focus on process control within SAP systems Industries solution is specific modules to enhance performance in some industries such as leasing , manufacturing , media. SAP building methodology In order to implement SAP ERP systems, organization need to be revised their own business process first in order to create highest performance after SAP implementation. SAP called this method ASAP (Accelerate SAP implement solution) which contains 4 main components ASAP methodology consists of five consecutive phases Phase 1- Project preparation: initial planning and preparation. This phase emphasized on project planning before going to collect information for business blueprint. Phase 2 Business Blueprint: documentation of the business process requirements of the company. This phase is first phase that SAP consults have met with their client to collect business process information for creating new SAP business environment in phase 3. Phase 3 Realization: implement all business and process requirements based upon the business blueprint. After collect information and create new business blueprint, SAP consult need to implement all of business process requirement to SAP systems. To illustrate, SAP FI consults would set configuration of company code, general ledger requirement and preparing for key user training. Phase 4 Final Preparation: complete testing, user training, system management and cut-over activities. This is last phase before SAP is going to real operating client server. This phase emphasized on customer new process training to let key user know how to use SAP systems. Moreover, all customization need to be finish at this phase including customization modules or forms. Phase 5 Go-Live Support: transition from implementation Last phase when all master were transferred to main production servers, SAP consults need to support real environment within organizations. PC base tools is computer base application contains various tools and templates for supporting the ASAP approach such as QA Database , ASAP roadmap, knowledge sharing. Services: SAP company will provide support information for implementation for organization that would like to use ASAP such as OSS user to ask question to SAP development team directly when client has problems related to SAP that consults cannot fixed such as patch bug, etc. R/3 resident tools provide R/3 configuration guide for all business transactions in SAP systems. SAP consult can look at implement step within configuration pages Basis of Information Systems components on SAP R/3 Data and hardware SAP R/3 manage data environment though client and server basis, SAP users can process their transactions though GUI (graphic user interfaces) then data will transmit though application servers (can be use one or many application server depends on usage) to main database (Three-tier Client/Server Architecture) which application servers located the SAP software and the database servers handle documents and master data databases. (figure 2.1) or can be operate though Two-tier Client/Server Architecture by transfer data from GUI to main database directly (mostly use for training configuration) in 2 tier architecture database manage both transactions data and software together (figure 2.2). Figure 2.1 three tier client/server architecture Figure 2.2 second tier client/server architecture Software and telecommunication SAP R/3 can operate with wide range of hardware, operating systems, database(figure 3.0 SAP R/3 technology environment and their GUI can be manage though both window OS and mac OS. Moreover, for SAP telecommunication SAP systems can effectively interact to its server by using LAN, WLAN or internet access to SAP serer to maintain client and server communications. r3 technology environment.png Figure 3.0 SAP R/3 Technology environment Human/people SAP has 3 types of users Key users; person who use SAP according to their training and receive limited authorization within user responsible areas such as key user for accounting , account payable , sales. Functional consultants; consultants who specialized in separate modules such as Financial and Accounting, Sales and Distribution, Material Management. Technical consultants; technical specialist who can divide separately in 2 position for SAP systems and SAP infrastructure ABAP programmer is programmer who specializes on ABAP programming language which used for SAP modification or customization. Basis is technical specialist who emphasized on hardware and software related to SAP infrastructure such as Why SAP SAP has experience in large scale implementation to many multi-national companies some is Nestle competitors such as Kraft food. SAP company also have effective implementation methodology called Accelerate SAP method for implementation (ASAP) that Nestle used this method until Nestle Globe project in order to create standardize best practices business processes (Ray, R.,2010) SAP systems could answer all Nestle objectives within one system in term of data integration, business processes and also data management. For example, problems of redundant vendor master data can be fixed by SAP master data principles that manage vendor master from both accounting and purchasing sides (figure 4.0). This solution provide account payable modules to collect vendor information separate by company code but use same purchasing module with organization segment result of one standardize general ledger can be used for all Nestle and their subsidiaries company (sap financial,N.D.) . ap p76.jpg Figure 4.0 the complete vendor master data SAP is suit for Nestle Global project because SAP has multi-language packages that can use with many countries in the world to create standardize understanding over SAP usage. By using standard local language SAP can reduce training and let local understanding function more easily. Objective and benefits of systems by matching with organization in global context Completive context: Barnes, D. (2008). Stated that after Nestle globe project going as plan it will create competitive advantages over main competitors such as Uniliver and Kraft food by operating more efficient in both supply and demand side. For example, Nestle can cutting number of supplier from 600,000 to 167,000 accounts, Nestle can save about $750 million a year for this process. Customer context: Nestle globe implementation would create efficient use of information among Nestle brand categories and nestle major customers such as wall-mart and Tesco which could receiving stocking shelves from nestle information systems back to their branches and use this information for more space utilization for Nestle wide range of products. (Barnes, D. 2008). Moreover, nestle Company context: Brabeck, Nestle CEO, claimed that Globe project will transform Nestle into new age of success by using information technology and standardize new process designed. For example, Nestle management could press on single button and monitor nestle performance in real-time data including geography sales, sales channel and product categories and brand. By using new technology Nestle can create more innovative strategies by combining online data and tactical approach. To illustrate, Nestle could monitor their wall-mart account managers performance by investigating profit and loss within wall-mart branches in real time (Barnes, D. 2008). Ways Part Results after SAP Implementation: First, Nestle USA by integrating difference database together Nestle USA could save net worth $325 million by using same standardize database for general ledger, vendor and customer master data for all Nestle branches and their subsidiaries company. (Worthen, Ben,  2002) Second, Nestle UK ERP implementation met its success by reducing 50% of inventory stocks after implement SAP due to improvement business processes and efficient control over inventories (Glick, Bryan, 2001). Last, Nestle Globe project create new strategic movement to Nestle by shifting from individual business thinking (normal ERP systems) into joint business thinking (coordinate ERP systems) that relied on integrated information between Nestle core unit such as purchasing , sales and use information to create value to key vendors and key customers( Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs, 2005). Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs, 2005 claimed that in 2006 this globe project create estimated total profit for overall program CHF 3 billion per annual. However, Nestle ERP implementation also had many drawbacks most of it from business process re-engineering. First, Nestle USA got in trouble when they launch go-lived in big bang method but most of their key user still cannot operate new systems; do not understand new business process. Then, Best project SAP support met trouble with enormous problems. Next, Jeri Dun, Nestle USA CIO, stated that turnover rate among Nestle demand forecasting employee increase to 77 percent after SAP project go-lived. Next, technical problems due to non-integrated function during go-lived phase, due to project deadline before Y2K in year 2000 consulting and staffs of Best projects had very limit time before it will launch therefore, Nestle got in trouble with integrated function between key modules. For example, integrated function between sales and distribution (SD) modules and accounting receivable module were missing. When sales persons use SAP to post discount rate for customers, A/R module did not interact with discount from SD modules result in wrong billing information was send to customers (Worthen, Ben.  2002). Nestle business objective Nestle has objective to create standardize for its business processes architecture and Nestle data. By using same standard processes to whole Nestle organization could easily to manage its international branches around the world. Moreover, Nestle decided to reduce their information systems into one systems SAP to be more effective control over all Nestle organization. Combine three objectives for standardize business processes , systems and data together, Nestle would receive benefits of standardization and coordination of their operations which could eliminate redundant processes and coordinate marketing activities for global customers (Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs ,2005). How systems help organization to achieve its business objective SAP systems would helped Nestle to re-engineer its business process and forced Nestlà ©s employees to change their previous business processes into new standardize best practices because Nestlà ©s employee need to work according to processes setting with SAP systems though standard master data and business processes. Identify IT in Strategic point of View: Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs, 2005 defined Nestle Globe as evolution process from individual business unit thinking (unique ERP systems) to joint business unit thinking (coordinated ERP systems) under Sap technology. From Nestle new systems share information with their suppliers and customers to create jointly working with Nestle suppliers and customers. To illustrate, Nestle could share information with its customers like wall-mart and create joint promotion program for new products. Therefore, IT has important role in organization strategic planning in order to create competitive advantages over competitors. Identify IT in Operation Point of View Information Technology is core component to operation processes within organization, because all company need tools to collect operation records for future usage such as audit, management report supported. By comparing integrated systems like SAP and non integrated systems, integrated systems like SAP could provide more benefit to company operation efficient. For example, case of Nestle USA that can SAP to eliminate redundant data for vanilla vendor master in al factories result in large amount of saving for purchasing goods. Identify IT in Tactical Point of View In tactical after Nestle Globe project, nestle can performed decentralize process to transform their organization into lean and fast moving company. Globe project will provide more accurate information related to specific area to let local boss to remain close to their customers or take an action related to change within their territories without wait for top management decision (Barnes, D. 2008). Nestle manage can adapt faster and more effective by using information such as products profit and loss within their area and use these information to create product tactical decision within that area. How IT help the organization achieve the objectives and other benefits First, by using combination of standardize systems, master data and business processes, Nestle can maximize benefits of SAP systems in global term not just Nestle in some countries. Standardization create same understanding toward information based from SAP systems and can create synergy cooperation within global groups such as innovation sharing between different countries or successful product launch from one countries can be monitor by Nestle company located in other countries. This phenomenon create Nestle united into One global Nestle organization and cannot be made without using Information systems. Second, standardize process also cannot be made without control process done in SAP client that lead Nestle employee to work on standardize process to create standard data that all Nestle employee understand and use in practice in same manner. Third, Nestle Globe project is major improve Nestle competitive advantages by lean large organization business process and create consolidate solution from SAP systems such as lean supply chain management, consolidate purchasing. SAP is in role of integration all data together in its database systems and provide decision support systems base on integrated data. For example, SAP APO use data from SAP logistic part (sales, material management, production planning) and integrated data together to generate information report provide to responsible persons.

Relationship Between Multiculturalism and Liberalism

Relationship Between Multiculturalism and Liberalism In the context of political thought, it would be so hard to think of multiculturalism separate from liberalism. Beyond the scope of political theory, the internal and external dynamics of the countries, the relationship between state and the society have been built on the values of democracy and liberalism. This essay aims to explore and explain the relationship between multiculturalism and liberalism –especially liberal egalitarianism within the frame of minority rights. Multiculturalism started to manifest itself in the political realm after 1980s. There are two main events that triggered the rise of multiculturalism: Firstly, after the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, nationalism has become the prominent element of the democratization process. Secondly, a new wave of nationalism has risen among some groups in Western democratic countries. It has been observed that even the Western states that built on liberal values could not completely overcome the problems regarding ethnic and religious groups in their societies. Now, we live in more and more diversified and multicultural societies. Immigration and minorities have been an imminent part of the debates of everyday politics for a very long time. The politicians include their views and policies in their electoral campaigns, surveys are held to get more information about public opinion and more importantly political theorist are looking for new ways and perspectives as coping or integrating strate gies. For instance, the question of the illiberal minorities and the risk of them to violate the liberal principles was always there as a problematic and debatable one. Thus, this case brings us two important questions to discuss: To what extent should we protect the minority rights and how should we recognize the minority identities? For many, it is an undoubtedly accepted fact that liberal state should be neutral but what should be the attitude of this neutral state when it comes to the clash between the values of majority and minority? If we ever need to take one thing for granted in liberal state, it would be the strong idea that each individual should have the necessary rights and opportunities to follow the ways which lead them to a good life. Moreover, individuals should be free while deciding on their own understanding of good life and should pursue their goals freely. Therefore, this principle requires that individuals who are coming from different backgrounds from the majority and having different religious and cultural customs and values should also pursue their understanding of good life without giving up their own. Another important aspect of liberal ideology concerning individual rights is that no state or government has the right to conceptualize a project of good life and impose it upon its citizens. (Kukathas, 1992: p. 108) Thus, in my opinion any attempts stepping out of this line could be easily labelled as assimilative regarding religious and cultural minorities. At this point, it would be notable to remind that, in the liberal state, an individual’s realm of freedom ends when another individual’s begins. This is accepted as another important principle of liberal state regarding individual freedom which is also seen as a guarantee of the individual freedom of each member in the society. In this case, the rights that groups have been entitled could go as far as that they would threat or violate the human rights and values. What should be the attitude of the liberal state about an intervention? Do individuals choose to be a part of these groups and communities? The Proper Attitude of the Liberal Egalitarian towards Multiculturalism Liberal egalitarians favour a system in which state treats its citizens equally and creates such an environment that each member of the society gets a fair share from the resources and available opportunities. Although, this might seem as a clear principle at first sight, two conclusions can be driven from this principle. First, the state should not intervene with the distribution of resources or try to balance the gap its citizens and second, liberal egalitarian attitude requires that each religious and cultural community should have equal chance to survive and continue to practise their customs in the society. In contemporary modern democratic states such as UK, France, USA and Canada we see that states spare necessary social, political and financial resources for the survival and continuity of different religious communities and minority cultures. The reason for that is culture is considered as an important aspect in shaping one’s own identity and his/ her own interpretatio n of good life. The second point of view acknowledges that the state should be neutral and acts within the frame of laissez faire liberalism. Otherwise, the state can create inequalities among its citizens by implementing redistributive policies or entitling minority groups with special rights. Thus, the state should take the minimum part in the affairs of different cultural and religious groups and by nothing or minimum it allows citizens to be treated equally. (Patten, 1992, p.1-3) Kymlicka and Multiculturalism Debate Kymlicka locates his whole ideas on liberal theory and he is an important successor of liberal tradition. Thus, he places individual autonomy prior to the community and communal values. As a political philosophy, liberalism has often been seen as primarily concerned with the relationship between the individual and the state, and with limiting state intrusions on the liberties of citizens (Kymlicka,Liberalism, p. 1). For some scholars, this component of liberalism is seen as a strong one about multiculturalist affairs. In my opinion, this can be easily seen as one of the weaknesses of liberalism when it comes to the deal with the problems regarding minorities and minority rights. If we are stuck with the idea that liberal ideology is the only roof under which both majority and minority values can be represented and peoples can live happily together. In one of his essays, Two Models of Pluralism and Tolerance, Kymlicka also argues against Rawls’s ideas about individual rights and defends the capabilities of group rights. Whereas Kymlicka believes that a well-functioning model can be built on the idea of group rights, some scholars like Kukathas argue that there is no necessity for abandoning the liberal ideology’s individualist principles and create new inequalities. (Kukathas, 1992: p.4) Thus, this part will be focused on this second form of tolerance which is named as group rights by Kymlicka. (Kymlicka, 1992: p.1) Kymlicka’s theory is also famously known for his distinction between different types of minorities based on their cultural aspects. According to him, there are societal cultures of national minorities and the cultures of poly ethnic societies. National minorities are the ones who continuously claim for their self-governmental rights. It is hard for them to get satisfied just by being entitled to some special rights. For them, self-government is the only option for their survival in multicultural society which is composed of a majority and different minority groups. Kymlicka argues that poly ethnic groups would always be weaker and less demanding in their right claims because of the fact that they are immigrant communities. Their right claims would be about practicing their cultural and religious customs. These communities should always bear in mind that they come from another country and culture to be hosted in a new one and they also have some duties such as learning a new la nguage or integrating with the local community. In his book, Politics in the Vernacular, Kymlicka frequently uses the term ‘societal culture’ and states that societal culture should be considered as a fundamental basis for the modern state. It is a concept consisted of both private and public spheres of life which is composed of a common language which has historical roots on a given territory, common educational, political, legal institutions. Moreover, societal culture is mostly the result of a national building process and it includes linguistic standardization and institutional integration. (Kymlicka, 2000: p. 53) Thus, he goes one step further from the idea that culture is an important aspect of self- respect and self-recognition which paves the way for self- realization i.e. a good life. He adds institutionalization and certain functioning administrative mechanisms to the shared history and values. National minorities mostly have certain tragic events, massacres or genocides in their history and they always feel or face the threat of assimilation or discrimination in the nation building process. This is why Kymlicka makes certain distinctions between immigrant groups and national minorities. National minorities face with the results of the events that they did not have no say in the decision making process in the most undesirable ways whereas immigrants mostly (here he seems to forget that some immigrants are forced to leave their countries because of wars or other terrific events) leave their country,in which they could practice their culture in the ways they want, voluntarily for the sake of better economic opportunities. What Kymlicka understands from citizenship based on group differentiated rights is that ensuring the justice between members of different groups. Thus, the idea behing establishing group rights are not only about the idea of that communal rights are prior to individual ones but also about the need for establishing different rights for different groups according to their needs and vulnarabilities in the society. ( Luoboyck, p.9) Tolerance vs. Recognition I think in the most of the relevant literature, scholars did not pay enough attention to the distinction between tolerance, acceptance and recognition. Specifically, for the followers of the liberal tradition, the emphasis has always been on the rights, equality, equal rights, equal opportunities, equal treatment and so on without even asking the people that ‘is that what you really want?’ It is observed that these ‘different’ people are not only in the need to be differentiated but also recognized as who they are. The special rights that they are entitled to by liberal democratic state do not always give them to chance of being recognized or accepted in the eyes of the members of the society or even before law. This is why the ideas of Taylor is really important in the multiculturalism debate. ( Taylor, 1994: p.25) In the history of politics, there has been an important shift from honor to dignity which has also come with the emphasis on the equalization of rights and identities. The age of the ‘more privileged’ citizens has come to an end, at least in the eyes of the state and before law. It would be very optimistic to claim that all inequalities have been disappeared in this way. As Taylor argues, for many people this equalization only brought an equality for civil rights and voting rights. There are also others who claim that it also has affected the socioeconomic aspects of life but I would not agree with them. It requires more than changing votes to shape public opinion and regulate everyday life which contains many social and economic inequalities like equal pay or integrated settlement policies. Although, there are still many problems to overcome, equal citizenship has been accepted as an universal value. Thus, in the new age of politics of difference, liberal egalitarians should be ready to reconsider the classical understanding of the principles of liberal democratic state in order to give more than they used to. They should be ready to present a lot of rights and immunities in order to recognize and accept the differences and try not to create a melting pot. Some still might argue that individual rights come before communal or group rights but the implications of this idea is mostly seen in Anglo- American world. (Taylor, 1994: p.32) I think this is one of the major reasons for why in Anglo- American world, there is always an on-going effort for creating a common identity, one nation, one language for all on the one hand, and promoting the ‘self’ and the individualism on the other. In my opinion, from the perspective of Taylor, they can easily be accused of implementing assimilation strategies in the name of creating a melt pot. This would be a dangerous trap that the liberal state should carefully avoid. The equal use of resources, equal rights and treatment and state’s ‘hands off’ laissez faire policies may lead to the danger of extinction for some cultures and identities. In today’s political realm, the functioning of state mechanisms prove that the state cannot isolate itself from the decision making process of cultural affair. As Kymlicka and Taylor also mentions, the state still has the power of making decisions about official language, some religious ceremonies, official languages that are used in education, public radio and television broadcasting. Thus, the state still remains as a powerful figure to decide which cultures and religions continue to exist in the society. Thus, the liberal state should be ready to intervene when and where there is a necessity. When it comes to the features of these special rights for minorities, Lubbock indicates some principles. First, he states that all the members of the community in question have to accept the culture as it is acknowledged and there must always be an open door for anyone wants to exit in necessary cases. Moreover, a liberal democratic government can never adopt an attitude which tolerates illiberal actions of minority cultures or their customs. The basic principles of human rights are always prior to other policies and special rights. Second, liberal democratic governments have the responsibility to keep the religious and special cultural practices of minorities at a minimum acceptable level which would be ‘sufficient enough’. If a minority group is able to practice their customs at a sufficient level, than there would be no part to take for government. Otherwise, government should intervene and try to create a balanced situation in order to make sure that the minority peo ple in question are able to practice their culture and religion. Thus, while polyethnic groups are being protected by some special rights within the boundaries of existing laws and regulations, this should not allow these groups to have internal restrictions. The intention behind establishing polyethnic rights is to protect these groups from external suppressions and the danger of extinction or assimilation. Thus, it would not be so rightful to allow polyethnic groups to have the right to make regulations and restriction on its members’ individual rights and freedoms. ( Loobuyck, p.8-9) New Challenges Kymlicka believes in the supremacy of societal cultures over immigrant groups and more importantly lesbian and gay community. It appears to me that Kymlicka andh his contemporaries do not give enough importance to LGBT community as a minority group which has serious right claims. In many books of Kymlicka, there is nearly no words about LGBT people and recently he tackled the issue with respect to the Quà ©bà ©cois gays and lesbians and his use of language gives the impression of he is not quite familiar with the gender studies literature – he does not even use the term LGBT. â€Å" Gay separatism would involve cutting oneself off from the culture one was raised in, and relinquishing one’s sense of national identity and cultural membership. Thus gay nationalism is neither feasible nor desirable for most gays. The task, therefore must be fight homophobia within the larger society, to gain recognition and acceptance for gays and lesbians within its schools, media, cour ts, businesses and so on† ( Kymlicka, 1992: p. 90- 95) Although, Kymlicka continues to produce valuable ideas and theories, it should be accepted that there are some challenges that he could not foresee. The liberal democratic state would also be challenged by the problems or right claims that come from contemporary political movements and groups which do not have to be ethnicity based. Now there are the questions of the right claims of non-ethnic groups particularly LGBT community, forced migration, refugees and new generations of immigrant communities who did not choose to migrate but their parents made a decision to migrate like the Turkish people in Germany. In these situations, it becomes harder to talk about a matter of choice. In these cases, is it still possible to claim that societal culture and the minority groups that are based on societal culture are more valuable than the others? This could be one question that the liberal state had to answer. These ideas blur the line between integration and assimilation. It should be considered that the members of these groups are also political subjects that can influence the legislations through their political power. Thus, the leading elements of liberal state should consider the option of recognition rather than mere inclusion and integration with the majority. Conclusion This paper has opened the debate with the strong relationship between liberalism and multiculturalism to elaborate the question of â€Å"How far should liberal egalitarians be prepared to countenance the special rights claims of minority cultures?†. References

organizational theory Essay -- essays research papers fc

Question #1 â€Å"Despite the economic progress brought about in part by scientific management, critics were calling attention to the ‘seamy side of progress’ which included severe labor management conflict, apathy, boredom, and wasted human resources to examine the discrepancy between how an organization was supposed to work versus how the workers actually behaved. In addition, factors like World War I, developments in psychology and later the depression, all bought into question, some of the basic assumptions of Scientific Management.† (Internet) This is where the Human Relations School steps in. Its primary focus is the importance of attitudes and feelings of workers, while informal roles and norms influence performance. â€Å"At the most general level, human relations theory views humans as social creatures who have a need and desire for communication and interaction.† (Internet) Numerous studies have been conducted over the years trying to come up with the most ef ficient form of workplace management. The most famous of these studies were those performed by the Hawthorne works (a.k.a. Hawthorne Studies) which should how work groups provide mutual support and effective resistence to management techniques in order to increase production. This study concluded that workers did not seem to respond to the classical motivation approaches that were suggested by Frederic Taylor , but rather workers were interested in rewards and punishment within their own work groups. These studies, which were conducted in the 1920’s, started as a straight forward attempt to determine the relationship between the work environment and productivity. The results of the study led researchers to feel that they were dealing with socio-psychological factors that were not explained by classical theory which in turn, stressed the formal organization and formal leadership. The Hawthorne Studies helped to show that an organization is more than a formal arrangement of fun ctions but at the same time performs the role of a social system. This position was taken by Elton Mayo , who made his own analysis of the Hawthorne experiments. He claimed that the problem of industrial societies acted as an imbalance between social and technical skills. â€Å"His analysis of the problems of industrial civilization and assessment of the human factor as nonlogical and emotional led him to view industry as a strategic in... ...rea includes the City of Pittsburgh and the suburban South Hills with its regional office located in Mt. Lebanon. Finally is the Western Region, which services an estimated 575,000 in western Pennsylvania. This area includes the communities of Indiana, New Castle, Butler, Washington, Mon Valley, and Uniontown areas, with the regional office based in McMurray.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company’s water supply is provided principally from surface water supplies such as rivers, streams and lakes through allocation permits from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and several river basin commissions. Water is also provided from wells and through purchase contracts and interconnection with other water providers in the area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography Business Ethics, October 1987. Vol. 6 Issue, p 559, p7, The Imperative of Organizational Harmon. http://infosm.umist.ac.uk/wp/Papers/wp9919.htm http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/hawthorne_01.html http://www.cba.neu.edu/~ewertheim/introd/history.htm http://www.findarticles.com/ Jaffee, David. Organization Theory: Tension and Change. Hill-McGraw, New York, New York. 2001.

Title Of The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Gatsby's Greatness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is much controversy on why F. Scott Fitzgerald chose his masterpiece to be title The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald chose The Great Gatsby as the title to show the duality of how the central character of Jay Gatsby is great in trying determinedly to achieve his goal of Daisy, but how his 'greatness'; brings about his own downfall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gatsby is, at first glance, truly great, for he pursues his dream of Daisy relentlessly. Jordan Baker, in a conversation with Nick Carraway, lets him know that Gatsby wanted to let Daisy know how rich and powerful was; how 'he [wanted] her to see his house,'; which is extravagant. Gatsby wants to impress Daisy with his newfound wealth in order to bring her back to him. Gatsby is also highly optimistic about achieving his goal, and thinks that he 'is going to fix everything just the way it was before.'; Gatsby does not want to lose sight of his dream through petty pessimism. Gatsby also has unending loyalty to his goal of pursuing Daisy. When Daisy strikes and hits Myrtle with Gatsby's car, Gatsby takes the blame for it. He believes that lying for her will help him in his quest to get Daisy to love him. Gatsby is great in his unyielding pursuit for Daisy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately, however, Gatsby can only be considered great in a sarcastic tone, for the way in which he pursues his noble goal brings results in some one getting hurt. His great optimism that everything will be just the way it was delays and intensifies the effects of the inevitable fact that his encounter with Daisy was nothing but a 'presumptuous little flirtation'; to Tom, which Daisy tacitly agrees with. Gatsby also has acquired his great wealth from bootlegging the sale of illegal liquor. Liquor ends up most of the time in helping people such as the ones at the one of the many huge parties get hurt, such as the time in which Tom breaks Myrtle's nose. By helping the distribution of liquor, Gatsby is hurting people, though he cannot see it. Title Of The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers Gatsby's Greatness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is much controversy on why F. Scott Fitzgerald chose his masterpiece to be title The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald chose The Great Gatsby as the title to show the duality of how the central character of Jay Gatsby is great in trying determinedly to achieve his goal of Daisy, but how his 'greatness'; brings about his own downfall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gatsby is, at first glance, truly great, for he pursues his dream of Daisy relentlessly. Jordan Baker, in a conversation with Nick Carraway, lets him know that Gatsby wanted to let Daisy know how rich and powerful was; how 'he [wanted] her to see his house,'; which is extravagant. Gatsby wants to impress Daisy with his newfound wealth in order to bring her back to him. Gatsby is also highly optimistic about achieving his goal, and thinks that he 'is going to fix everything just the way it was before.'; Gatsby does not want to lose sight of his dream through petty pessimism. Gatsby also has unending loyalty to his goal of pursuing Daisy. When Daisy strikes and hits Myrtle with Gatsby's car, Gatsby takes the blame for it. He believes that lying for her will help him in his quest to get Daisy to love him. Gatsby is great in his unyielding pursuit for Daisy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately, however, Gatsby can only be considered great in a sarcastic tone, for the way in which he pursues his noble goal brings results in some one getting hurt. His great optimism that everything will be just the way it was delays and intensifies the effects of the inevitable fact that his encounter with Daisy was nothing but a 'presumptuous little flirtation'; to Tom, which Daisy tacitly agrees with. Gatsby also has acquired his great wealth from bootlegging the sale of illegal liquor. Liquor ends up most of the time in helping people such as the ones at the one of the many huge parties get hurt, such as the time in which Tom breaks Myrtle's nose. By helping the distribution of liquor, Gatsby is hurting people, though he cannot see it.

Analyze 3 different newspaper articles Essay

In this piece of coursework I am going to analyze 3 different newspaper articles. The articles are taken from ‘The Mirror,’ ‘The Times’ and ‘Newsweek’ All three articles are about the same event, they are just portrayed in the different ways. The articles are about a jet cutting through a cable car wire allowing the cable cars to plummet to the ground, killing 20 people. The incident happened on the 3rd of February 1998, Cavalese, Northern Italy, on Alpe Cermis. The first two articles from ‘The Mirror’ and ‘The Times’ are reporting the story where as Newsweek is reflecting on the accident, Newsweek also issues the story a week and a half late, therefore cannot report the facts but reflect on them. Newsweek doesn’t contain that much information on what actually happened in Cavalese, it skips over the details of the accident and seems to be more about what Europe, and in particular Italy are concerned about. The Mirror article tends to leave certain facts out, such as the time it occurred, which is included in The Times account. Newsweek provided no date of the event but say ‘last week’ The Times article is definitely more factual as it contains a lot more technical jargon than The Mirror. It includes information about the U. S. fighter jet – â€Å"The Prowler is used to jam enemy signals electronically†¦. † none of which is found in The Mirror article, Newsweek also contains information about the fighter jet and also information about the military issues between America and Italy. The Mirror account includes a greater amount of detail, by listing the names of each of the witnesses alongside their quotations. In The Times, it tends to be vague and just use the term â€Å"one witness said†. Newsweek uses quotes from military officials and local authorities. The Times and Newsweek’s report relies heavily on official interviews rather than the passers by which The Mirror relies upon. The Mirror also includes more quotations from the witnesses than The Times does. Newsweek does not use any quotations or interviews from eye-witnesses at the scene. Both The Mirror and The Times specify who the victims were – â€Å"9 women, 10 men and 1 child†. And also their nationalities – â€Å"at least 6 were German, 2 Hungarian and 2 Polish. † This causes a greater sympathy because it makes the deaths seem more important and more in depth. But Newsweek says â€Å"20 tourists from seven European countries† but it is reported it is only tourists from 3 different European countries. Even the sub-headline says that ‘Europe questions America’s character’. This all starts to confuse the reader and so does not give an accurate picture of the incident. The words used also try to disagree with the facts of the incident. Words like ‘griped’ and ‘claimed’ both suggest that there was nothing wrong and everyone was ‘ganging up’ against America. In The Times, the witness interviewed is not British, so the Times keeps the story international. An unreasonable complaint is made in the first line, which may show their guilt: â€Å"Cavalese had griped about the fighter jets that regularly roar up their Alpine river valley. † In addition to this the paper attempts diluting the blame by saying that the fighter jets were just â€Å"hot-dogging†, also claiming that the Italian authorities condone low-flying: â€Å"Italian military officials routinely defended low level flights†¦ † Finally, the last paragraph of the report supplies an extravagantly tenuous link: â€Å"The pope had personally pleaded for the convicted murderer to be pardoned. † This is designed to conceal. All three articles made use of interviews, but the manner in which they were used differed; For example in The Mirror, a British couple, Neil Harmar and his girlfriend, Stacey O’Donnell, gave a lengthy interview and informed us that they â€Å"missed the second car by minutes. † They said that â€Å"all hell let loose† and stated that they were â€Å"shook up. † Furthermore, they described the village as being in a state of â€Å"complete pandemonium. † The couple reiterated how thankful they were that they â€Å"missed that car,† and the fact that they were â€Å"incredibly lucky to be alive. † Even though the British couple did not provide a lot of information about the incident itself, they did help to describe the atmosphere and their feelings on the situation. The British couple were interviewed primarily because of the fact that they were British; the target audience of this British paper are British people, therefore, the majority of people would be interested in hearing about events concerning British citizens. All three articles had interviews with people who possessed various details about the aircraft prior to it hitting the cable car wire. In The Mirror, this interview was quite brief. Cristina Antoniazzi, the owner of a nearby hotel, said that she â€Å"heard and saw a plane flying at a very low level. † This message was also present in an interview in The Times. An anonymous witness said that the jet had â€Å"seemed† to have â€Å"technical trouble,† and described the jet as â€Å"screaming through the sky† like a â€Å"thing in torment. † Another source in The Times also stated that the jet had been flying â€Å"very, very low. † All three of these interviews were supplied using direct speech. In contrast, the interview in Newsweek was given using reported speech- Italy’s Air Force chief, Mario Arpino, said that the Prowler was â€Å"four miles off course† and was also flying â€Å"3,300 feet below the altitude designated in the flight plan. † These particular interviews were used in order to provide an image of the events immediately before the plane hit the cable car. Each article also had interviews with people who objected to low flying by the Americans. In The Mirror, Regional President, Carlo Andreotti, was quoted as saying â€Å"We’ve had enough of these war games’ The headline of The Mirrors article is, ’20 skiers killed as jet slices cable car wire’ The writer has used the word ‘skiers’ to create more sympathy to the people that died as it shows that they were just innocent people on holiday who wanted to have a good time. The headline says ‘killed’ as to imply it was not totally accidental and could have been prevented, it also shows it was unprovoked. It also says ‘slices’ as this makes the incident sound more violent and deliberate and gives the reader the idea that there was no chance for the skiers inside the cable car. The article also has a few more presentational devices which the broadsheet the times does not. It has a subtitle ‘Brits tell of horror in snow’ which relates to the reader as they will be British too and will want to know what this ‘horror’ is. The first paragraph is in bold, which shows it is different from the rest of the article because it is there to sum up the rest of the article. The article has a box with a quote in it ‘It opened up like a cardboard box’ This would attract attention to the article if the reader was flicking through the newspaper and would want to know more. At the end of the article there is a big bullet point which contains a fact about cable car accidents. This article uses language to create a much more emotional impact than The Times as it says things like, ‘They were killed instantly when the car was ripped apart ‘like a cardboard box’. Using this metaphor is very effective as it makes the people inside seem totally helpless and creates a lot of sympathy for them. They also say, â€Å"Rescuers found now survivors amid the tangled wreckage and bloodstained snow. † I think this is a very effective paragraph and it creates an atmosphere of destruction and complete devastation. A graphical picture of the event in The Mirror lets the readers visualize what the scene of the accident was like, using essential details and words so that the reader can effortlessly understand the unpleasant incident. The Mirror also provides a photographical image of the scene and annotates it using dramatic words such as ‘doomed. ‘ The Times shows a map of the area where the event was situated, making readers aware of the location of the tourist venue. And the image of the EA-6B Prowler shows readers the cause of the tragedy. The main image above the text is eye catching in the way it shows workers trying to rescues any survivors. Newsweek not using any pictures, but a headline that will catch attention ‘Blood on the Snow. ‘ The sub-heading in a box of two lines standing out making the reader aware of what the article is about. In conclusion the news was best portrayed in The Mirror, it provided names of witnesses making the news much more reliable, and British citizens used as witnesses was also a good way to grad attention of British readers.

Gmat -Awa

rent to Perfect 6. 0 AWA GMAT Score 1. universal Structure 1. 1 parametric quantity institution duplicate pedigree, point out flaws or state intention to discuss them at a lower place early space-reflection symme give First, second paratrooper Second/In addition, 3rd Para trine/Fin each(prenominal)y, culmination The education is blemished/ flea-bitten/ fragile beca hold of the above -menti unmatchedd Ultimately, the line of resolveing rump be into shoot if/by 1. 2 recurrence Intro Restate issue, replete a position world-class Para First/ one and only(a) cerebrate 2nd Para Second/ approximately different reason 3rd Para Third/ by chance the silk hat reasonConclusion Ac cheatledge the other position tho re-affirm yours and conclude that it is the stronger. 2. Structural Word (should be e truly(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) e precisewhere the tastes) Supporting lawsuits for example, to gild, for instance, beca economic consumption, spec ific self-colouredy Additional frequent further more than(prenominal)(prenominal), in addition, similarly, further as, overly, as a result, moreover grandness incontestablely, truly, undoubtedly, causely, in fact, most importantly transmission line on the contrary, yet, despite, quite an, instead, however, although, while Decide once against one can non deny that, it could be argued that, granted, admittedly Ying-yang on the one hand/on the other handConcluding accordingly, in summary, consequently, hence, in closure, ultimately, in conclusion 3. Templates 3. 1 Argument Intro The arguing produces that . (restate) Stated in this way the production line a) manipulates facts and conveys a distorted view of the topographic point b) reveals examples of leap of faith, scurvy reasoning and purposeless terminology c) fails to mention several come across factors, on the basis of which it could be respectd The conclusion of the wrinkle relies on assumptions for which in that respect is no clear tell. Hence, the crinkle is weak/un convincing and has several flaws. 1st ParaFirst, the contrast quickly assumes that This relation is a stretching. For example, Clearly, The channel could have been much cle ber if it explicitly stated that 2nd Para Second, the line of reasoning claims that. This is again a rattling weak and unwarranted claim as the crease does non demonstrate some(prenominal) coefficient of correlation among. and To illustrate, While, However,. indeed. In fact, it is non at all clear instead. If the contention had provided evidence that.. then the p atomic number 18ntage would have been a lot more convincing. 3rd Para last-placely, (pose some questions for the sway)..Without convincing answers to these questions, one is left with the touch sensation that the claim is more of a appetent mentation earlier than substantive evidence. Conclusion In conclusion, the disceptation is flawed for the above-ment ioned reasons and is then unconvincing. It could be considerably bearingened if the perk upd clearly mentioned all the relevant facts. In exhibition to assess the merits of a accredited situation/decision, it is natural to have honorable knowledge of all contributing factors. In this particular case. Without this schooling, the line of work re principal(prenominal)s unsubstantiated and open to debate. . 2 Issue Intro Many/some spate capture that. Others.. (restate) The issue is a arguable one but a imminent examination reveals that. ( request a position) for several reasons. 1st Para One reason is that/for For example, Furthermore, Clearly, 2nd Para Another reason is that/for To illustrate, As a result, 3rd Para mayhap the best reason is (that). Specifically, Moreover/In addition. In fact,. Therefore,. Conclusion In summary, while there atomic number 18 arguments to be made for both sides, it is clear that there atomic number 18 greater advantages to. repeat the r easons). Certainly,.. preponderate. Hence,. (re-affirm your position) 4. Going from the templates to full-fledged essays 4. 1 Argument evidence QUESTION The following appeargond in the editorial section of a issue news magazine The rate musical arrangement for electronic spinal column ups is similar to the movie military grade establishment in that it provides consumers with a immediate reference so that they can jibe if the subject matter and contents be appropriate. This electronic game rating schema is not mildew because it is self correct and the fines for violating the rating governing luggage compartment are nominal.As a result an item-by-item body should bring off the game industry and companies that knowingly scandalize the rating strategy should be prohibit from releasing a game for cardinal years. Discuss how well reasoned you discovery this argument. Point out flaws in the arguments system of logic and analyze the arguments underlying assumptio ns. In addition, rate how supporting evidence is used and what evidence energy counter the arguments conclusion. You may besides discuss what additional evidence could be used to authorisationen the argument or what changes would make the argument more logically sound.YOUR reaction Quote The argument claims that the electronic games rating system, although similar to the movie rating system, is not working because it is self set and entrancement fines are nominal, Hence, the gaming rating system should be overseen by an in subject body. Stated in this way the argument fails to mention several key factors, on the basis of which it could be evaluated. The conclusion relies on assumptions, for which there is no clear evidence. Therefore, the argument is rather weak, unconvincing, and has several flaws.First, the argument readily assumes that because the electronic game rating system is self set, it is not working well. This instruction is a stretch and not substantiated in any way. There are numerous examples in other areas of business or commerce, where the entities are self regulated and rather successful. For instance, FIA, the Formula1 racing organization is self regulated. Yet, the brag is very popular and successful, drawing millions of spectators approximately the world each year. Tickets are rather expensive, races are sh possess on pay-per-view, and nearly all drivers are paid very well.Another example is the paralleled movie rating system that the argument mentions. The former fails to clarify whether it is working well, but it is clear that the movie rating system is pretty well received by people, who often base their decisions to go see a movie with kids or not on the movie rating. It has never been a case when someone would feel cheated by the movie rating and express vexation afterwards. Since the movie rating system is to a fault self regulated, it follows that this regulatory method is working pretty well and it is not unadorned how it can be the reason for the poor electronic game rating system.The argument would have been much clearer if it explicitly gave examples of how the self regulatory system led to great(p) ratings and customer dissatisfaction. Second, the argument claims that any violation fees for bad electronic game ratings are nominal. It thus suggests that this is yet another reason for the rating system not working. This is again a very weak and unsupported claim as the argument does not demonstrate any correlation between the monetary make sense of the fines and the timbre of the electronic game rating system. In fact, the argument does not even draw a parallel with the mentioned movie rating system and its violation fines.If any much(prenominal) correlation had been sh proclaim for the movie rating system, which supposedly whole kit and boodle well, then the cause would have sounded a bit more convincing. In addition, if the argument provided evidence that low violation fines perish to el ectronic game manufacturers to ignore any regulations with respect to the game rating system, the argument could have been strengthened even further. Finally, the argument concludes that an independent body should oversee the game industry and companies that violate the rating system, should be punished.From this affirmation again, it is not at all clear how an independent regulatory body can do a infract melodic line than a self regulated one. Without supporting evidence and examples from other businesses where independent regulatory bodies have done a great job, one is left with the impression that the claim is more of a wishful thought rather than substantive evidence. As a result, this conclusion has no legs to root word on. In summary, the argument is flawed and therefore unconvincing. It could be considerably strengthened if the author clearly mentioned all the relevant facts.In read to assess the merits of a certain situation, it is essential to have full knowledge of a ll contributing factors. 4. 2 Issue ESSAY QUESTION Poor health and eminent tense up levels diminish the productivity of at presents office players. In order to maximize pro equates, companies need to provide pink-collar employees with vacate answer facilities and free health classes. In your opinion, how accurate is the view denotative above? Use reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading to develop your position. YOUR RESPONSE QuoteSome people think that productivity at work could be increased if workers are provided with free exercise facilities and wellness classes, as this will mitigate the workers health and diminish the level of stress in the office. Other people support the claim that people should manage their own health and stress level outdoors the work space. The issue is a controversial one but a surrounding(prenominal) examination reveals that companies that promote hearty bread and butter among their employees are indeed more productive. One reason is that people often do not examine the demand or the energy to o to a wellness class and exercise outside of work. roughly people are usually very tired by the end of the work twenty-four hours and have other family duties or priorities to worry roughly. For example, doing grocery shopping, cooking, picking up the kids from practice, etc. Therefore, it is very difficult for much(prenominal) people to make time for practice and harbour healthy habits. As a result, the stress from a long day of work at the office gets carried over to the next day and the pattern repeats. Eventually, the health of those people worsens and their productivity on the job diminishes.Another reason is that people often find it attractive to do what their friends or colleagues do. For instance, if cardinal colleagues of a worker join a pilates class and are happy about it, they then tend to recommend it to the worker in question and she will finally join the class. Co ntagious behavior much(prenominal) as this can be very easily achieved on the job if pilates classes are offered, because then the discovery of the opportunity and the motivation to join are easily found. Hence, use at work becomes a very comfortable activity easily fit into a schedule and promotes the health and happiness of the employees.They not only feel kick downstairs heath-wise after exercise, but also strengthen relationships with co-workers by doing activities together. In a way, this whole experience can be viewed as team building. Consequently, workers are more energized, bouncy and therefore productive in their jobs. Perhaps the best reason is that by providing free exercise facilities and wellness classes companies im settle their get word and become attractive places to be at for future employees. Not only can such companies attract more possible candidates for new origins, but they can also retain longer the employees they already have.To illustrate this point, let us take Google for example. The high purchase order was recently ranked as the best one to work at. One of the main criteria for achieving this rank was the fact that the company takes very severe care of its employees in footing of encouraging healthy living. There are numerous sports facilities on the Google campus which people are encouraged to use. Those include gyms, swimming pools, volleyball game courts, massage chairs, etc. Personal trainers are also available for free for anyone that of necessity them. There is also a health center facility on site.With that grade of environment it is difficult to not take advantage and live a healthy living, resulting in fracture productivity on the job. In summary, while there are arguments to be made for both sides of the issue, it is clear that there are much greater advantages for companies to provide their workers with free health facilities and classes. Workers find it not only much easier to take advantage of such opportu nities on site, but also are much more motivated to do so there. active in sports activities improves the workers mood, desire to work hard, keeps them healthy, and creates a bond among workers.As a result, this translates to a better productivity of the workers and ultimately to maximized profits for the company. 5. Final tips During the tutorial type in a few sentences in the mock essay window to get used to the keyboard. over again during the tutorial, jot down on your notebook computer the basic structure of your essays or the opening sentences in case you get as well nervous and forget them when the clock starts ticking. spare as much as you can. probe to keep at least ergocalciferol words per essay. Always have the e-rater in mind as your potential reviewer.Remember that the human being rater will make every exertion to grade just like the e-rater. In that sense, keep your structure and volume in mind over actual quality/content. Be careful of routineing mistakes. rep rise check words that you normally know you misspell (e. g. exercise). Try to finish 2-3 transactions before time is up so you can slowly re-read your essay for the purposes of spell checking. Do not reorganize/ offset sentences/paragraphs with less than 2 min left. No matter how great you thought your essays went, try to stay humble and focused rally this was just a warm-up and the real stuff hasnt started yetGood constituent - Here is an essay I wrote for a PR Test Graded a 6. 0 (normally they grade harder than real thing) prod The self-direction of any acres is establish on the strength of its borders if the number of misbranded immigrants entering a soil cannot be checked, both its economy and national identity element are endangered. Because ill-gotten immigrants pose such threats, every effort essential be made to return them to their country of origin. denomination Discuss how well-reasoned you find this argument.In your discussion, be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might expose the conclusion. You can also discuss what change of evidence would strengthen or overthrow the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion. This argument relies heavily on unverified assumptions and has a very primitive conclusion.The author fails to make logical connections between the evidence provided and the conclusion that all iniquitous aliens must be returned to their country of origin. The first bother with the argument is that it suffers from multiple unsubstantiated claims. The first evidence that is given to support the fundamental conclusion is that the autonomy of any country is based on the strength of its borders. This statement is also positive because i t infers that every countries autonomy could be ranked by the strength of its borders. There are many European countries that have very little strength exerted at the borders, but all the same maintain autonomy.The author should clarify this statement by grouping countries together or exploitation a more vague statement that would include most countries but not all. The next statement in the argument is conditional phrase stating that the more illegal immigrants that enter a country the worse off the economy and national identity will be. While this statement might be true for some countries it is sure as shooting not true for all countries. The very foundation of early US society was based on immigrant labor and glossiness that brought from over the sea. There are still many countries whose economy is heavily dependent on immigrant labor.Even though many economic expert feel this statement is true in the US today, most would disagree that this statement is true of all countries . The final fate of the authors argument is the conclusion. The conclusion states that the because of disadvantages mentioned earlier all illegal immigrants must be returned to their country of origin. Although this statement might appear to be a logical conclusion of this extreme argument it fails to take extra information into account. The author doesnt give any index on how extreme these problems will be or how costly it will be to return the amount of illegal aliens to their spot country.What if the cost to the economy was half the amount that it would cost to send all of the immigrants back to their country of origin? The author could use some monetary figures to prove that some savings would be incurred if all illegal immigrants were deported. In conclusion, the argument suffers from logical flaws and makes an extreme conclusion based on on trial assumptions. The addition of hard examples and connections between the statements would prove to strengthen the argument. *This just shows you how you dont have to write great to get a good score*