Monday, September 30, 2019
Road Safety
Road safety is increasingly becoming a major killer and a worldwide concern. A child is killed in an accident every three minutes. Everyday more than one hundred people are killed due to lack in road safety. Around six thousand people are injured due to these small mistakes of a driver. Many people look at road safety as non-essential, but this a major topic of accidents occurring every minute nowadays. . Road accident is a global tragedy with ever-raising trend. To avoid these, a driver should be careful not to break the road safety rules and maintain the road safety culture.The main reason for accidents is high speed driving. Many people are killed, left seriously injured in road accidents. Drivers must be well educated regarding road safety & what to do what not to do. Police officers have a key role in encouraging improved road-user behavior. The main causes of the car accidents are driver distractions, drunken drivers, using cellular phones while driving, speeding, aggressive dr iving, mechanical failure, road conditions and weather.Lack of discipline of the driver, refusal to follow traffic rules, lack of experience and licensing older drivers also may be a cause of these accidents. Road accidents involving children has become a major cause for concern around the world. Within recent times, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of road accidents involving children. Accidents are generally classified as single vehicle and multiple vehicle accidents. The increase of road accident is closely linked with the rapid growth of population, economics development, industrialization and motorization encountered by the country.It continues to be a growing concern to all those who use the roads. There are many other causes of accident on the road. One reason is that, nowadays people can obtain license easily. But actually, people who want to get the license must have an experience and know the rules on the road. However, we do not have a big number of experi enced drivers on the road. However, there are traffic laws that may prevent these kinds of accidents to happen, but it is still up to the driver to follow the road safety rules and maintain road safety culture. .†Road Safety Road safety is a major issue affecting the road sector. Road accidents remain a serious impediment to sustainable human development in many of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Road accidents continue to be an important social and economic problem in developing countries like India. Growth in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, poor quality of roads and vehicles, and inadequate public health infrastructures are some of the road safety problems facing in India.The object of this Thesis is to present a status report on the nature of the government policy towards the Activity plans implemented till now and which has to be implemented later for the reduction of road fatalities and for the safe roads, and also giving the guidelines for financing of remedial measures, institutional framework, physical characteristics of the road, traffic control and calming measures, road safety education and enforcement is sues.The aim of the Activity plans is to analyze the present situation of road safety in India and to indicate main problems in individual sector of the Activity implemented by comparing and taking the examples of some of the ASEAN Region who are successed in implementing in the individual sectors. The effect of the programme to real safety situation is estimated, and further plans could be corrected if it is necessary. Implementation of the goals for the coming years to reduce the number of accidents at maximum extent and give people, the safe and the steady flow of traffic in India.The vision of a tremendous change next 5 to 10 years is based on a big potential for improvement and a joint effort of all involved groups on all levels of traffic safety, centrally coordinated by the National Road Safety Authorities. The Action Plan is deliberately divided into 14 key Sectors of activity in broadly the same way as the individual country road safety action plans. The sectors involve man y different disciplines and a very wide range of multi sector activities but all are based on applying scientific, methodical approaches to the problem. At the end the thesis gives the recommendations and conclusion for the safe Roads in India Road Safety Nowadays, the movement of vehicular traffic on road is increasing day by day. Every year thousands of people die in road accidents due to their or others fault. Consequently, there is a growing concern for road safety and thrust upon the knowledge of traffic rules in civic life. Ignorance of traffic rules and their non-observance results into accidents, fatal injuries or permanent physical disabilities, loss of life and damage of properties.To prevent it, there is a need to generate awareness about traffic norms and their observance at mass level. The rules of road are hard and fast and cannot be broken without danger to life or limb. While on road, we must always look ahead and judge the speed of traffic and the timings of traffic lights. Accidents occur if we are unmindful of the other users of the road. We should always keep a close watch on other road users especially pedestrians as they move slowly.We must maintain adequate distance from vehicle ahead of us. We must drive our ve hicles at specified speeds. At higher speed, the stopping distance exceeds the visual distance and therefore, it causes accidents. We should avoid sudden use of breaks, as it is risky. The best way to stop quickly is to drive slowly or to keep speeds under control. We should always keep a safe distance from large and heavy vehicles. In case, our vehicle comes between large vehicles there is a like hood of our vehicle being crushed.Since long vehicles cover more space, we must not be on its either right or left side when it is taking a turn. We must not over take vehicles as it may lead to an accident. We must follow the traffic signals as they assure us safety. There are three signals- red light, yellow light and green light. The red light indicates that we should stop. The yellow light indicates we should wait for green signal and the green signal indicates that we should start going. Road Safety Road Safety is essential in our daily life. Thus to observe the traffic rules is an important activity to ensure road safety. Road safety should first of all begin at home by teaching and instructing children about the traffic rules with some good hints on the do‘s and dont‘s. Children should also be taught the highway code and advised to follow them strictly. Hence safety rules is everybody‘s business. Statistics has time and again shown that a great proportion of the people involved in road accidents are school children.It cannot be denied therefore that improper education is one of the major causes of accidents. There are cases where accident are caused by children running across the road without much attention, crossing behind parked vehicle, cycling two or three abreast carrying pillion riders, alighting from moving buses and cycling without due care. Therefore, they should be thought the important the road safety both at home and in schools. Exhibitions by the schools and demonstrations by the police authorities can do much in instilling in the children in a greater awareness of the dangers on the roads.As for the drivers on the road, they should always concentrate and study the situation ahead. It is very important that they anticipate road movements. They should drive safely showing consideration for others road users. The drives of heavy vehicles especially, should exercise greater consideration for those of smaller vehicles. Motorist and taxi- drivers should not exceed the speed limits and should always think of the safety of the passengers. A good driver should also know how to assess the speed and the distance of the oncoming traffic.Dangerous of overtaking has been cited as one of the major causes of road accidents. Drives in their enthusiasm or impatience overtakes other vehicles and end up in the head-on collision with other oncoming vehicles. Drives should always exercise caution and show more road sense. Motorcyclist should al ways wear safety helmet for their own safety. They should remember that prevention is better than cure. The government on their part should distribute pamphlets which warn and instill fear in road-users who are careless and inconsiderate.Posters in ivid pictorial terms which tell of the dangers and the consequences of careless reckless driving should also be imposed to act as deterrents to negligent driving. Unroadworthy vehicles such as vehicles whish are very old and in state of despair, vehicles which do not be allowed on the road until the defects are corrected. Finally all roads until the defects are reflectors should not be allowed on the roads until the defects are corrected. Finally all road-users should cultivate the virtues of consideration, tolerate, patience, caution and a respect for the highway code for everybody‘s benefit Road Safety Road safety is increasingly becoming a major killer and a worldwide concern. A child is killed in an accident every three minutes. Everyday more than one hundred people are killed due to lack in road safety. Around six thousand people are injured due to these small mistakes of a driver. Many people look at road safety as non-essential, but this a major topic of accidents occurring every minute nowadays. . Road accident is a global tragedy with ever-raising trend. To avoid these, a driver should be careful not to break the road safety rules and maintain the road safety culture.The main reason for accidents is high speed driving. Many people are killed, left seriously injured in road accidents. Drivers must be well educated regarding road safety & what to do what not to do. Police officers have a key role in encouraging improved road-user behavior. The main causes of the car accidents are driver distractions, drunken drivers, using cellular phones while driving, speeding, aggressive dr iving, mechanical failure, road conditions and weather.Lack of discipline of the driver, refusal to follow traffic rules, lack of experience and licensing older drivers also may be a cause of these accidents. Road accidents involving children has become a major cause for concern around the world. Within recent times, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of road accidents involving children. Accidents are generally classified as single vehicle and multiple vehicle accidents. The increase of road accident is closely linked with the rapid growth of population, economics development, industrialization and motorization encountered by the country.It continues to be a growing concern to all those who use the roads. There are many other causes of accident on the road. One reason is that, nowadays people can obtain license easily. But actually, people who want to get the license must have an experience and know the rules on the road. However, we do not have a big number of experi enced drivers on the road. However, there are traffic laws that may prevent these kinds of accidents to happen, but it is still up to the driver to follow the road safety rules and maintain road safety culture. .â€
Sunday, September 29, 2019
History of Talk Radio Essay
What do we know about the history of talk radio? Has talk radio been successful in helping Americans deal with cultural changes?            Throughout history, radio has been a major source of communication where we were able to hear the latest news and current events of the time period. Through wars, depression, Presidential debates and changing times we were able to turn on the radio and listen to a radio talk show that panned in on these events.            We were able to hear discussions that offered opinions in which we could either agree or disagree and radio talk shows provided a means by which we could be informed on the latest news and events, even before television existed.             [1]â€Å"Can We Talk: The Power and Influence of Talk Showsâ€Å" by Gini Graham Scott†, offers that â€Å"both radio and TV have grown up at a time when America and the whole world have been going through an unprecedented period of turmoil and technologic upheaval.†           Radio, came of age after World War I during the 1920’s and 1930’s, when America was transformed from an isolationist power focused on material growth to a member of a world community which experienced major growth to a member of a world community which experienced major cultural changes and a worldwide depression.            Political forums continue to be a part of talk radio programming in the past and present. In the past, before telephones were invented there was no easy way to communicated with radio personalities, but when telephones emerged, call-in talk radio shows evolved and offered a means to communicated with the radio personalities which made talk radio so much more interesting than before, especially where politics was concerned.            We were able to listen to the opinions of the public on political issues, not just the ones from radio personalities on the talk radio programs. [2] David Barker, Author of the book, â€Å"Rushed to Judgment: Talk Radio Persuasion, and American Political Behavior,† talks about call-in talk radio shows and delves into the question, â€Å"is political talk radio a thing of the past.†Barker says â€Å"some have asked whether this new medium can serve as an agent of deliberative democracy, spurring Americans to form pseudo-communities, where policy choices are debated in an open forum, thus bringing American politics closer to a democratic ideal.             We often wondered if talk radio programs would fade in popularity and just become a thing of the past times. More than ever talk radio has boomed since Howard Stern came on the scene with his outrageous behavior, with comments that were so bold that his personality grabbed the attention of America. He talks about everything from women to politics and doesn’t stifle his views on either.            Now is a good time to evaluate the effects of political talk radio because the medium is no longer a fad and shows no signs of fading. Talk radio offers a setting for new media to be discussed, while people can listen from the convenience of their homes or automobiles.            Given the prominent place of talk radio stations in most markets we have now had the time to critically evaluate the effects of a medium that is not disappearing.            Are news trends changing on talk radio? [3]The website, that answers this question is www.pbs.org/now/politics/talkradio.html. It shows that â€Å"News trends are changing.†            A recent poll showed than an increasing percentage of younger Americans get their news from late night television, and a December 2002 Gallup Poll showed the percentage of Americans who got their news from talk radio has nearly doubled since 1995, from 12 percent to 22 percent.            Was AM talk radio popular by the 1980’s? [4] â€Å"By the 1980’s, AM radio was close to death.† Most listeners had tossed it on the trash heap of technology in favor of FM’s clarity for music. It was Rush Limbaugh who reinvigorated AM radio and gave it a new purpose, paving the way for many talk show hosts who collectively resurrected a bandwidth most were all too happy to ignore.             Religious stations have always been around, in talk radio history?  [5]Soul Talk is a weekly one-hour radio show that has been broadcasting continuously since February of 1996 on Koop 91.7 FM, in Austin Texas. This is just one of many of the religious programs that have broadcasted since radio first arrived on the scene and strong religious beliefs have maintained its stance with Americans.            Soul Talk articulated spiritually from a pluralistic, universal perspective with relevance to current and social and moral issues. The show offers a venue for listeners to share their sacred and ethical beliefs at the radio table, to be encouraged and spurred to action through positive expressions of faith, in a playful setting.         â€Å"What’s Cookin’ with Soul Talk Radio? A Spiritual Feast to leaven the world Soul†can be located at www.soultalkradio.com/.            How much do we know about early talk radio? [6] Early radio news was usually nothing more dramatized documentary of events. Live recordings were unheard of and technology difficult if not impossible. Rather than simply report events, radio producers felt dramatizing the events would bring the news home more effectively.            By 1928, Roy Edward Larsen was the General Manager of Time Magazine. It was Larsen, who, as Circulation Manager, increased sales of the magazine from 25,000 to 200,00 in a few short years. Media theorist, Marshall McLuhan, referred to Larsen as an electric man, sensitive to the latest modes of communication and its impact on society. Larsen involved Time in radio as early as 1924 with a sustaining quiz program called Pop Question. Then in 1928, in cooperation with Time’s Radio Executive, Fred Smith, he began issuing throughout the country over 33 stations daily release of ten minute news briefs drawn from the pages of Time, Larsen called News Casts. The following year they supplemented these News Casts with electrical transcription dramas, ten minutes in length, called News Acting which featured professional actors and sound effects of current news.            What was one of the first talk radio programs? In the year, 1931, â€Å"The University of Chicago Roundtable†broadcast by NBC, where University scholars engaged in intellectual discussion and the show slightly resembled the late phenomenon of talk radio.            Archives, provide talk radio shows from the past.[7] The archives are back! Thanks to the technical wizards of World Talk Radio, all previous shows are once again available for your listening.            World Talk Radio brings you the most renowned Civil War experts and entertaining enthusiasts ever assembled. Check the archives each week for a new and captivating exploration of politics, personalities, and military campaigns.            Civil War Talk Radio is provided to listeners by World Talk Radio and the show host and guests. There is no charge to listen or download, but all contributions and donations are said to be welcomed. You can make contributions at, Contribute to Civil War Talk Radio, Civil War Talk Radio, World Talk Radio, www.worldtalkradio.com/show.asp?sid=150            Talk radio has come a long way in history to finally being capable of displaying and discussing photography.            [8] Photo Talk Radio â€Å"Where you can really see photos on the radio†, the dynamic internet talk show for everyone interested in photography hosted by Howard Lipin and Michael A. Garcia Cr. Photographer, providing you the best information and ideas anywhere to help you make your photography more enjoyable and better than ever.            With nearly 60 years of day-to-day photography experience between them, Howard and Michael bring Photo Talk Radio alive with practical hands-on, simple to understand, â€Å"How Do I Do That? tips and in depth interviews with photo industry leaders and photographers.            Their mission is to keep you informed, inspired and coming back for more. In the ever-changing world of photography, Photo Talk Radio, †The Worldwide Voice of Photography†, and the place â€Å"Where You Really Can See Photos On Radio†is the go-to resource for everyone interested in photography from the enthusiast to the pro.            Photo Talk Radio, World Talk Radio, www.worldtalkradio            Talk Radio shows have been a part of a stage for political opinions, not excluding the war with Iraq.            [9] This week should be remembered for beginning the fifth year of the war in Iraq and for the halting efforts of one chamber of Congress to make Year 5 the last. But, right now, Washington is delighted to be distracted by a new crisis in full boil.            It’s not the controversy over health care for veterans. That one blew up in late February and grew rapidly to national proportions before receding. It will be back, but for the moment it has to become a subject of multiple investigations and editorial hand-wringing.            [10] Many books feature information on talk radio such as a book written by Eric Bogosian, â€Å"The Essential Bogosian : Talk Radio, Drinking, in America, Funhouse and Men Inside.†           The Author writes, â€Å"Reading Talk Radio today is confusing. First of all, there are two Talk Radios: The play and the film.†           Eric Bogosian also says, â€Å"Talk Radio was not based originally on any radio personality.†           Despite its title, Talk Radio is not an in-depth, researched, generic documentary. There is no radio station set up like the one in the play. Instead, he wanted to use the format, one few people had any sense of in 1987, as a launching pad to talk about egos and the mass media in general. He loved the notion of this vast landscape of people, the callers.            He goes on to say, â€Å"I had listened to numerous talk-jocks, particularly Bob Grant and Gary Dee and drew from my pre-teen experience of the legendary Alan Burke and Joe Pyne, two TV talk guys from the sixties with razor blades for tongues. But, when the movie came out, the strangest thing happened, a new guy had showed up and was making big waves soon after the movie came out; his name, of course; Howard Stern.            Radio talk shows have provided entertainment for ourselves and our ancestors and I couldn’t imagine not being able to turn on my radio to listen to a group of people discussing the latest issues or simply just an off-the-wall subject, for the sheer thrill of entertainment purposes.            Talk radio will always be around and with satellites on the scene, radio is becoming even more popular than ever with more and more money being spent on new and updated radio systems and monthly and yearly subscriptions. Scott, Gini Graham, 1996, â€Å"Can We Talk?, The Power and Influence of Talk Shows†Insight Books, Inc. Barker, David, 2002,â€Å"Rushed To Judgment: Talk Radio Persuasion and American Political Behavior†Columbia University Press 2007, Now, Talk Radio, Politics and Economy, www.pbs.org/now/politics/talkradio.html Deitz, Corey, 2004, Right Wing Conservative Talk Show Hosts, Bashing AM And FM What’s Cookin’ With Soul Talk Radio? A Spiritual Feast To Leaven the World Soul, www.soultalkradio.com/ March of Time, www.otr.com/march.html Contribute to Civil War Talk Radio, Civil War Talk Radio, World Talk Radio, www.worldtalkradio.com/show.asp?sid=150 Photo Talk Radio, World Talk Radio, www.worldtalkradio Elving, Ron, 2007, Gonzales: A Timely Distraction For aAll Sides? NPR, Watching Washington, www.npr.org/templates/story/story/php?storyId=9030022 Bogosian, Eric, 1994, â€Å"The Essential Bogosian: Talk Radio, Drinking in America, Funhouse and Men Inside†, Theatre Communications Group, From Author’s Notes, p.3 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Chinese religions and Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Chinese religions and - Essay Example Secondly, Chinese used the concept of Yin and Yang to explain the way the universe works. That is Yan describes the negative forces of nature while Yang the positive forces. Thirdly, Chinese people stand out for their filial piety and ancestral worship. Every Chinese home has a small shrine or altars to offer sacrifices to old generation and ancestors. Fourthly, divination is common in Chinese religion and they believe that unity of the universe allowed future events to be predicted. For instance, heating of a shell and divining the future through the cracks that occurred. In the eleventh century B.C.E political unrest through rebellion of Chou affected the Chinese religion. Chou rulers suggested existence of one god called Shang Ti who they asserted to be more than an ancestor. A great confusion after this rebellion resulted to three main Chinese religions the Confucians, the Legalists, and the Mohists. Shinto is the oldest native Japanese religion that describes formation of Japan as a land superior to other lands with its shrines commemorating its great heroes. The word Shinto comes from Chinese words Shen and Tao, which mean the way of the gods. Shinto was developed to distinguish native Japanese from other emerging religions form China like Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. In the sixth century C.E, Buddhism introduced by the Chinese and the Koreans made Japanese collect their myths and rituals in the name of kami-no-michi. This created a distinction between the native religions with the foreign. The myths allowed for a limited number of gods, goddesses, spirits, ancestral worship, and forms of animism. Although Chinese religions had a great influence on Japanese religion, Japanese used Shinto to depict their own revelation of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. They developed their own Buddhism, distinctive form other Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism is one of these religions that included a
Friday, September 27, 2019
Smoking New Laws and how they changed america Research Paper
Smoking New Laws and how they changed america - Research Paper Example ........................VIII Third Hand Smoke†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..IX Why People Cannot Quit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..X Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦XI Smoking I. The Twentieth Century’s Take On Smoking Despite all the research that has been done on smoking, millions of Americans still use this form of tobacco. In fact, 45.3 million adults, ages eighteen and over, still smoke in the United States. That is 19.3 percent of the ad ult population (Center for Disease Control, 2011). Tobacco use has been popular for many decades, but in the past, Americans did not know any better. This report will focus on the changes America has made with their smoking laws, and will show the differences it has made in the United States. II. Smoking Laws Today When smoking was first introduced, it became the way of life. Not only was it okay to smoke in your car, it was also allowed in restaurants, shopping malls, and hospitals. If you felt the need to smoke, you did not have to wait until you got outside and ten feet away from the entrance. Nowadays, though, it is against the law to smoke in most buildings and even numerous national parks. If you do smoke in your car, you might be frowned upon, especially if there are children present. Currently, twenty five states and Washington D.C. are completely smoke-free, which includes restaurants, bars, and parks (Center for Disease Control, 2011). III. Why There Are Smoking Laws The r eason there is such a push for smoke-free states is because of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Inhaling secondhand smoke is similar to smoking a cigarette, for it can cause just as many problems. Individuals can develop cancer and lung problems that tobacco causes without smoking one cigarette. Because this research was not available a few decades ago, smoking inside a building was not given a second thought. As research progressed, however, smoking laws started to take effect. Not soon enough, unfortunately, because many Americans have become the victims of secondhand smoke. When smoking laws were put into place, the smokers of America were enraged that public smoking was becoming taboo. While a few cigarette users understood the advantages, most felt like it was taking away their rights as Americans. All the complaining, though, did not stop the laws from progressing. According to the executive director of Americans for Nonsmoker’s Rights, Cynthia Hallett, â€Å"T hese smoke-free laws start at a local level. They are based on community demand, science looking at exposure to secondhand smoke and the environmental impact†(Ossad, 2011). Since secondhand smoke is believed to have caused over fifty thousand deaths in the United States, America’s people are standing up for their rights. IV. Smoking Banned Outside In Some States Smoking has also been banned outside in public properties in a few different states. New York City, for example, banned smoking at all parks and plaza’
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Colosseum as an enormous triumphal monument Essay
Colosseum as an enormous triumphal monument - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that building of the Colosseum started under Emperor’s Vespasian rule around the 70-72 AD. This construction was funded by the spoils that were retrieved from the Jewish Temple after Jerusalem was taken over. The location chosen in constructing the Colosseum was a flat region on the floor of a valley amid the Palatine, Esquiline, and Caelian Hills., all the way through which a canalized watercourse ran. By the second century, this area was densely populated. The Great Fire of Rome devastated the area in AD 64. After the occurrence of this event, Nero grabbed a bigger part of the area adding a lot to his personal domain. Nero built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the location, creating a man-made lake that had pavilions, porticoes, and gardens surrounding it. The Aqua Claudia that existed was extended in supplying water to the locality and the gigantic bronze, Nero’s Colossus was mounted nearby at the Domus Aurea entrance. Even th ough the Colossus was conserved, to a great extent of the Domus Aurea was taken down. The land was used again as an area for the latest Flavian Amphitheatre and the lake was filled. Gladiatorial schools and various support buildings were developed nearby within the Domus Aurea former grounds. As stated in reconstructed writing found at the location, â€Å"emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheater to be erected from his general’s share of the booty.†This is believed to refer to the immense treasure the Romans seized after they won the Great Jewish revolt in the 70 AD.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Bounded Rationality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Bounded Rationality - Assignment Example Bounded rationality is a decision-making theory developed by Simon Herbert which postulates that the rationality of the decision maker is limited by a number of factors such as the amount of information available to the individual, the constraint of time among other factors. Simon identified three difficulties which people face while making a decision. To begin with, there is the difficulty of limited knowledge of any particular decision which the person may make. Because of this, a person may not be able to optimally know the best decision to make at a certain time because they do not know the range of outcomes (negative or positive) which will emanate from the decision. The second difficulty a decision maker may face is the fact that even for those consequences which they may be able to predict, there is no guarantee that the outcome will be exactly the same as anticipated by the decision maker. The third constraint is the constraint of the number of options which the decision make r can use. Simon’s model stands in sharp contrast to Charles Lindblom’s theory which used incrementalism to explain decision making (Simon, p. 38). As the author says â€Å"Simon's model of bounded rationality also stands in sharp contrast to the rational choice model. In its purest form, this model assumes that individuals making decisions know their preferences, are able to consider all possible alternatives and can anticipate the full set of consequences that will flow from each alternative†(Simon, p38). However, according to Simon â€Å"Whatever model might be employed by decision makers in an ideal world, satisfaction seems to be the one most of them use in the real world†(Simon, p. 39).
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Vulnerability Scanning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Vulnerability Scanning - Essay Example On other hands, most comprehensive systems of vulnerabilities scanning utilize producing and poking systems in order to determine true vulnerabilities. Working of the vulnerability scanners is similar to antivirus software. Vulnerability scanners are only valid until the last updates as they rely upon the known vulnerabilities. Inferior or outdated vulnerabilities scanners provide a little solace against security threats and give false security sense. A perfect vulnerability scanner should meet the security solution purposes and a tool which can proactively identify the security issues and provides a solution before a hacker attains a chance to exploit these issues. Hackers always look for compromising networks and infiltration with the help of vulnerability scanners. Although vulnerability scanning has become a significant tool, but cannot provide the complete security for networks as it helps for detection of poor code and cannot substitute for the practices of a secure coding system. Vulnerability scanning at regular intervals can prove useful for securing the systems from security threats. An organization having the confidential data such as processing of credit card must have a regular vulnerability scanning.
Monday, September 23, 2019
Entreprenurship ENTREPRENEURSHIP Assignment Question (2000 words) Essay
Entreprenurship ENTREPRENEURSHIP Assignment Question (2000 words) Entrepreneurs are believed to create their opp - Essay Example They further observe that entrepreneurs have certain characteristics that enable them to handle situations where there is incomplete decision or make decisions when confronted by conflicting status. Literature Review They describe such situations that entrepreneurs find themselves as comfortable and that in difficult situations; they still exhibit calm and comfort ability. Secondly, the authors use five words to describe an entrepreneur and they include; self-starters, optimists, perseverant, energetic and action oriented. This attributes reflect the ability of the entrepreneur to see a new opportunity. Moreover, entrepreneurs have the ability to persuade others and form networks that give create situations, which eventually heighten their chances of finding opportunities. These individuals exploit the resources people offer by interacting and engaging with others in addition to being highly innovative and imaginative. They are not afraid to take risks and have the ability to create opportunities where others might consider as hostile environment or situations. In their pursuit of opportunities, entrepreneurs remain open to change and employ their analytical skills to evaluate situations and come up with new ideas that propel their ambitions. It is these attributes that some argue that enable entrepreneurs to engineer situations in a way that increase their chances of finding opportunities. The entrepreneurship process entails identifying, recognizing, evaluating and exploiting opportunities that introduce new goods, services and ways of organization by applying efforts that had hitherto not existed or exploited (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000). Entrepreneurship therefore calls for the existence of exploitable opportunities or situations that entrepreneurs can modify to increase their chances of finding those opportunities, which provide platforms for the use of new means-ends structures to recombine resources to achieve a certain goal. Accordingly, opportunities are an essential part of the entrepreneurial process; indeed, the existence of varied opportunities can offer a viable explanation for the patterns that are observed in the entrepreneurial process. The existence of opportunities coupled with the entrepreneur’s ability to effectively engineer situations in a manner that puts them at an advantage of finding opportunities to exploit largely makes the distinction between a great entrepreneur and others. Entrepreneurial opportunity is defined as a situation that aids the possibility of an individual creating new means-ends structures for exploiting available resources that the said individual believes will be profitable (Shane, 2010). Entrepreneurs identify these favourable set of environments that create opportunities for creation of a new manufactured goods, business or service; besides, they all recognize situations that can heighten their chances of discovering entrepreneurial opportunities. An entrepreneurial opportunity is not just an idea and is believed to have four essential qualities. The opportunity has to be timely, attractive to the cause, long-lasting and augmented in a product, service or business that generates or adds value for its buyer or end user. The prospect must be open for an
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Social work practice with small system Case Study - 1
Social work practice with small system - Case Study Example Critical analysis of the two parties to the dispute gives Khailia Richards advantage on the case. In line with the ethical principles of social workers, Social Justice must take precedence in resolving this case. Khaila is the biological mother of Isaiah and became a victim of the circumstance from existing socio-economic gap which landed her in crack addiction. It is therefore important to give fair judgment in favor of her without the possibility of social discrimination based on her race, poverty, class, ethnicity among others. In that regard, my client is Khailia Richards. This is due to her vulnerability to unfair judgment based on socio-economic discrimination (Dolgoff, Loewenberg & Harrington, 2009). Multicultural assessment may be carried out through oral interview with individual family members of the parties to this dispute. The obtained data would be taken for analysis to establish the existing differences in the two system patterns. Sound intervention plan would require application of strength perspective versus pathological viewpoint. It is evident that despite crack addiction and abandonment of the baby, Khailia Richards made efforts to come back and find him out. This is the point that her strength of parental feeling and emotional attachment with Isaiah can be built on to draw plans for her in recovering over the incidence. This aspect of emphasizing on strength rather than focusing on problem constitutes strength perspective which very relevant to the case under question. On the other hand, pathological perspective asses the genetic or racial connection with criminal activities. Since Khailia is an African America with significant predisposition to criminal activities, it is important to put in place strategic plan that will help her engage in a serious commitment. The plan for Margaret Lewin’s family would include providing a guidance and counseling session with them on how to
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Concocting Barium Sulfate Essay Example for Free
Concocting Barium Sulfate Essay Introduction Barium Sulfate is a white substance, liquid or solid, with the chemical formula being BaSO4. Barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent, which is used in order to help x-rays be more visible due to the contrast between the barium sulfate and the x-rayed parts of the body. This substance is dangerous, but due to its poor solubility ingestion will not result in the bodys absorption of the toxicity of it. Some of the dangers of ingesting Barium Sulfate however are: bloating, constipation, cramping, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, stomach/lower abdominal pain, tightness in chest, troubled breathing, or wheezing. Barium Sulfate also reacts violently with Aluminum powders. Prolonged exposure to Barium Sulfate dust can result in baritosis, which is a form of benign pneumoconiosis. Barium Sulfate is insoluble in most substances, except for concentrated sulfuric acid. Research Question An ample research question for this particular lab would be How can one create five grams of Barium Sulfate? This task explores the use of knowledge of different chemicals regarding their solubilities, concentrations and characteristics and the use of this knowledge in order to make a pre-determined five grams of Barium Sulfate. I intended to approach this problem by using my knowledge of chemicals stated above to come up with a simple, practical way of concocting five grams of Barium Sulfate. Hypothesis If Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric Acid are mixed together appropriately, then we will be able to make five grams of Barium Sulfate, along with the other product. This hypothesis is clearly justifiable. If you mix 5.6 grams of Barium Nitrate with 2.1 grams of Sulfuric Acid, through the reaction types we can see that this is double replacement and should form HNO3 + BaSO4, and through some dilution calculations we can see that theoretically five grams of Barium Sulfate should be made. Variables Independent The amounts of Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric acid. These variables are independent because they will change depending on what substances are use to make the Barium Nitrate and of what concentration. Dependent The amounts of Barium Sulfate and Nitric Acid produced. These variables are dependent because they depend on the independent variables, or the Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric Acid. Control The different materials used during the experiment are the materials used and the substances used to make the Barium Nitrate. These are controls because they do not change throughout the experiment. Procedure Materials 2 700mL beakers 50mL graduated cylinder 100mL graduated cylinder Stirring rod Digital Scale Coffee Filters Hot plate Vacuum Flask 12.5 M H2SO4 Ba(NO3)2 Funnel Steps 1. The true first step of this lab was to figure out how to make Barium Sulfate. In our case, we figured we would mix Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric Acid to do the trick. After subsequent calculations, we figured out that we would need 2.1g of Sulfuric Acid and 5.6g of Barium Nitrate. 2. First we placed 5.6 g of Ba(NO3)2 solid powder into the 700mL beaker 3. We then proceeded to make it into a liquid by adding approximately 100mL of water, and to better dissolve these two substances we put the solution onto a hot plate and stirred until it was sufficiently dissolved 4. Then we put 2.1g or 4mL of 12.5M H2SO4 into the 50mL graduated cylinder 5. Then we diluted the 12.5M H2SO4 to 5M by adding in 6mL of water, in order to achieve 10mL of 5M H2SO4 6. We then poured the dissolved water and Ba(NO3)2 along with the 10mL of 5M H2SO4 together in the other 700mL beaker 7. We then observed the reaction and recorded these observations. The solution was HNO3 and BaSO4, with the BaSO4 a white precipitate in the liquid HNO3. 8. To isolate the BaSO4, it needs to be filtered. We weighed the coffee filter with the digital scale, which came out to 0.5g and then placed the filter on the inside of the funnel. 9. Place the funnel over the vacuum flask so that the HNO3 will go through the funnel into the vacuum flask and the remaining substance will isolated BaSO4 after the substance from the 700mL beaker is poured into the funnel very slowly 10. Remove the coffee filter, and throw everything else out. Then let the BaSO4 on the coffee filter dry overnight 11. Then we weighed the coffee filter with the dry BaSO4, which was 4.7g, and then subtracted the weight of the coffee filter to get the true weight of our BaSO4, which was 4.2 grams. Data Raw Data Amounts of Reactants and Amount of BaSO4 Substance Amount (+/- 0.5g) H2SO4 10ml Ba(NO3)2 5.6g in 100mL of water BaSO4 4.2 grams Calculations Amount to Use of Each Substance 5g of BaSO4 x (1mol BaSO4/ 233.43g of BaSO4) 0.02142 mols BaSO4 0.02142 mols BaSO4 x (1mol H2SO4/ 1mol BaSO4) 0.02142 mols H2SO4 0.02142 mols BaSO4 x (1mol Ba(NO3)2/ 1mol BaSO4) 0.02142 mols Ba(NO3)2 0.02142 mols H2SO4 x (98.078g H2SO4/ 1mol H2SO4) 2.101g H2SO4 0.02142 mols Ba(NO3)2 x (261.336g Ba(NO3)2/1mol Ba(NO3)2 5.597g Ba(NO3)2 Dilution o M1 V1=M2V2 (12.5M H2SO4)(Xml H2SO4) = (5M H2SO4)(10mL H2SO4) X = 4mL H2SO4 6mL of water needed for 4mL H2SO4 Percent Yield (4.2g BaSO4/5g BaSO4) x 100 = 84% Percent Error [(4.2g BaSO4 5g BaSO4)/ 5g BaS04] x 100 = 16% Diagrams All of our equipment laid out The vacuum flask pulling the Nitric Acid out of the Barium Sulfate The finished, dried, Barium Sulfate on the coffee filter Weighing the Barium Sulfate on the coffee filter Conclusion Principally, the lab was a success. We were able to come up with a perfectly good method of creating Barium Sulfate. Technically, however the lab was slightly off. Instead of coming up with the ideal five grams of Barium Sulfate, we fell 8/10ths of a gram short, which came out to a sixteen percent error. This inaccuracy suggests that something in our lab went awry. When pumping the nitric acid out of the barium sulfate, we overflowed the filter on the vacuum flask, seeing as how we didnt take into account how thick the substance actually was. This mishap was most likely the largest contributor to our inaccuracy. Also, human error is always a factor. Inevitably, somewhere down the line we took a reading wrong or something of that nature, further skewing our results. This lab brought up a few questions for further investigation. After finishing the lab, the question occurred to me, if we had used an alternate method to make five grams of Barium Sulfate, could we have been more accurate, less accurate, or would our results have remained the same? To make a better lab, there are a couple things that could be done. First would be to take better care to observe the substances we work with much more carefully. By doing this, there is less likely of a chance of having something happen such as overflowing the funnel. Also, one could record observations better. This would make the analysis of the lab much easier, with less guesswork to do.
Friday, September 20, 2019
Examination of the Efficacy of Dietary Supplements
Examination of the Efficacy of Dietary Supplements What has led to the popularity of dietary supplements and is their success deserved? Surname: LU First name: YIXUAN Introduction The definitions of dietary supplements are varied from different countries which specify the scope of the term differently, and this essay presents a logical common definition of dietary supplements. Dietary supplements, the forms of which are usually tablets, pills, powders, capsules or liquid preparations, are oral products taken at recommended dosage in addition to normal food intake. It contains one or more kind of nutrient which is derived from food products such as vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Additionally herbs or other botanicals are included in US definition. The sales of dietary supplements show that the popularity of dietary supplements among all fields and all ages of people has been rising dramatically in a few decades. In the US, sales of dietary supplements in 2001 were about $17.8 billion (Nutrtion Journal. 2011), and as reported by the latest statistics, dietary supplements annual sale has increased to approximately $30 billion (MD, 2014). In this essay, first of all, I will illustrate the reason why food supplements become so popular among general public, followed by a detailed illustration of the benefits of dietary supplements as supporting. Then some controversial issues raised by such popularity will be revealed, and the risks of taking dietary supplements are shown subsequently. In the end, I will give some suggestions to consumers when taking dietary supplements. The popularity of food supplements There are many factors accounting for the popularity of food supplements. Ransley et al. (2001) argue that four main driving forces cause this popularity. Firstly, the modern diet seems can hardly meet the strict requirement of health and life of people today especially in terms of nutrition, and the lack of the categories and quantities of nutrients can be supplied by taking dietary supplements. Secondly, eating dietary supplements are considered to be a remedy or precaution of aging-related diseases, which makes them quite popular among old people. Thirdly, in consideration of the increasing price of medicines and the inconvenience of seeing a doctor, taking dietary supplements directly is more attractive to consumers. Lastly, with the improvement of living standard, people are more concerned about their own health. Therefore he desirable features of food supplements can get people’s attention successfully. The benefits of taking dietary supplements Taking right amount of food supplements can assure an adequate dietary intake of essential nutrients. Although we can get all the vitamins and minerals we need as long as we keep a well-balanced diet every day, it is not easy to follow this good habit strictly especially among commuters and teenagers. Therefore, Webb (2006) claims that using dietary supplements, such as multivitamins and cod liver oil, usually helps ensuring the adequacy of nutritionally diet. As Walji (1995) and Mason (2001) point out, having irregular meals is quite common and this may cause nutritional deficiency. Besides, improper methods of preserving and cooking food may result in the loss of some nutrients from food, particularly those delicate and unstable vitamins, which may cause a phenomenon that people eating a lot but still undernourished (Walji, 1995). Additionally, the amount of nutritional requirements vary from person to person, even the nutrient containing in the standard diet may still be either ex ceed or inferior to some people. Therefore having a wholesome diet with the addition of supplements personally is a good way to ensure the correct amount of nutrients keeping our body in optimum condition. Besides, food supplements do have a powerful psychological effect on consumers. This is shown in a research that many consumers use supplements occasionally and take them only when the spirits are low or when they are stressful (Ransley, et al., 2001). Another benefit of taking dietary supplements is the efficacy of preventing deficiency diseases (Webb, 2006; Mason, 2001). In order to cure some diseases, people may need to increase demand for a particular nutrient in certain medical conditions or other circumstances. Take vitamin D deficiency as an example, vitamin D has the function of promoting intestinal tract absorption of calcium. Webb (2006) points out that the main source of vitamin D inside body comes from exposing the skin to the ultraviolet rays in the sunshine. People who spends less than the necessary amount of time under the sunshine, seems to be more vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Webb (2006) also notes that the lack of vitamin D is an essential contributing factor in the development of osteoporosis among old people. Combining with the fact that the ability of converting sunlight into vitamin D in the elderly will decrease as they grow older, taking related supplements become more necessary and functional. COMA ( 1991) recommended that vitamin D supplements should be taken by all aged people only if they are regularly exposed to the sunlight with reasonable amount of time (Webb, 2006). The usage of dietary supplements also contributes to avoiding other diseases or illness such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers or skin problems. Differentiating from the supplements treating nutritional deficiencies, food supplements for other diseases may have long-term positive effects on physical condition (Webb, 2006). For instance, fish oil supplement is well known for its effect on heart diseases. A conclusive study demonstrating the function of fish oil has been done by Burr et al. (1989). He tested â€Å"the effects of dietary intervention in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI)†(Burr et al. 1989, p757). The result shows a nearly 30% decrease in total mortality among the tested men who were suggested to eat oily fish (or fish oil capsules if some people did not eat fish) during the two years study (Burr et al. 1989). Although some variables may have not considered in the study, it is still a comparatively successful experiment verifying the efficac y of fish oil which is the main effective ingredient in fatty fish. Controversial problems following with the popularity With the growing popularity of taking food supplements, many controversial problems arise subsequently. What is the standard direction of taking dietary supplements? Are there adequate regulations of dietary supplements market especially in terms of herbs and mineral? whether dietary supplements make a worthwhile contribution to a healthy dietà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¸ All these issues point to the risks of taking dietary supplements. The risks of taking dietary supplements There are so many unknown risks of eating dietary supplements, one of the main risks is that it may be harmful if people taking supplements in wrong dosage. If people take over-dose of specific supplements in the diet, such behavior may trigger the food-drug interactions (Hans, et al., 2001). Both the FDA (Food and Drug Administration in the US, 2014) and Webb(2006) state that the excessive use of some supplements, such as vitamin and iron, may cause some health risks and needless effects before, during and after surgery. For example, large ÃŽ ²-carotene supplements are known for the efficacy of preventing heart disease and cancer, but some studies show that such supplements may have counteractive. â€Å"Rapala et al. (1997) reported increased death rates from coronary heart disease in those subjects (smokers) given ÃŽ ²-carotene supplements compared with those receiving either the placebo or vitamin E supplements†(Webb, 2006). In addition, the ‘inverse supplement hypot hesis’ claims that some people who already have sufficient nutrition are more likely to taking supplements (Ransley, et al., 2001). Here is the evidence provided by the Women’s Cohort Study. In this study, one of the informants took 9g of vitamin C from supplements and an extra 90mg from another vitamin preparation. The intake of these two was more than 200 times than the RNI (Recommended Nutrient Intakes) and this is the amount without taking her dietary intake into account (SFL, et al., 1998). The above-mentioned evidence illustrates that consumers taking wrong dosage of food supplements may also be harmful. Another risk of taking dietary supplements is the lack of informed advices. As Blendon et al. (2001) indicate that, there is a lack of connection and trust between physicians and consumers. Because consumers do not believe in the information about supplements from physicians, likewise when physicians notice some problems about dietary supplements, they do not inform the consumers. Therefore, consumers prefer to take self-meditation, such as using dietary supplements to treat their illness, which is more convenient and have private space. However, when consumers need to ensure the daily intake, they have to search sources of advice from some unidentified places, such as internet, dietary supplement shop or the media. â€Å"This approach to self-meditation will carry risks and corresponding proof is that intakes of some supplements can be toxic to health and will cause serious adverse effects such as diarrhea (vitamin C) and flushing (niacin) †(Ransley, et al., 2001, p12). Furthermore, many benefits of dietary supplements are still unknown and unproved, so taking dietary supplements should be very cautious. The FDA (2014) illustrates that many supplements contain active ingredients which may cause strong biological effects in the body and increase risks of health in some cases. Therefore, the behavior of some consumers, using dietary supplements instead of prescription medicines, is obvious unwise (U.S.FDA, 2014). Since dietary supplements are neither food additives nor drugs, they are in a special status which was established by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (Hunrer and Trum, 1999). Obviously, it is not sensible to replacing the prescription medicines to supplements. In terms of herbs, herbal products do have some clinically proven benefits, but there are more facts illustrate its potential of containing toxic substances, especially regarding to the interaction with drugs (Halsted, 2003). Conclusion From what the essay has mentioned above, dietary supplement has a close relationship with our daily health. It is clear that the benefits of dietary supplement contribute to its popularity mainly. Various number of food supplements added in our daily intakes suitably enable us a nutritional-balanced diet. However the risks of taking dietary supplements are non-ignorable, which not only imply the room of the improvement of dietary supplements but also remind us necessity of taking supplements cautiously. In addition, some benefits of eating food supplements as well as the risks may be missing in this essay. It is not objective to say the popularity is good or not directly. In my view, the increasing number of people taking dietary supplements reflects a high awareness of personal health among publics. Meanwhile eating dietary supplements wisely is also necessary. To keep the balance of dietary supplement, several measures should be taken by the government. Such as strengthen the supervision of the production and sales of dietary supplements, establish detailed guideline of the usage of supplements and cultivate specialists in the field of food supplements. Apart from some regulations should be improved by the authorities, what we should do is be a savvy supplement user, thinking twice when purchase food supplements, reading the instructions of the supplements carefully before taking these products, finding out the relevant benefits of them in order to deepen the understanding of preparations and noticing the deficiency symptoms and following the measurement with cautious. References Blendon, R. J. et al., 2001. Americans Views on the Use and Regulation of Dietary Supplements. JAMA Internal Medicine, 26 March, pp. 805-810. Burr, et al., 1989. EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FAT, FISH, AND FIBRE INTAKES ON DEATH AND MYOCARDIAL REINFARCTION: DIET AND REINFARCTION TRIAL (DART). The Lancet, 2(8666), p. 757–761. Eaglstein, W. H., 2014. What Are Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals?. In: The FDA for Doctors. s.l.:Springer International Publishing, pp. 25-27. Halsted, C. H., 2003. Dietary supplements and functional foods: 2 sides of a coin?. American Society for Clinical Nutrition, April, pp. 1001S-1007S. Hans, V., Eussen, S.R.B.M., Loveren, H. v. Rompelberg, C. J., 2001. Functional foods and dietary supplements: Products at the interface between pharma and nutrition. European Journal of Pharmacology, September, pp. S2-S9. Hunrer Trum, B., 1999. The New Dietary Supplement Label. Consumers Research Magazine, 82(9), p. 27. Mason, P., 2001. Dietary Supplements. 2nd ed ed. s.l.:London:Pharmaceutical Press. MD, W. H. E., 2014. What Are Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals?. In: The FDA for Doctors. s.l.:Springer International Publishing, pp. 25-27. Webb, P.G., 2006. Dietary supplements and functional foods. 1st ed. ed. s.l.:Oxford: Blackwell. Ransley, J., Donelly, J. Read, N., 2001. Food and Nutritional Supplements:their role in health and disease. Berlin: London : Springer, c2001. SFL, K., JE, C., MT, C. JH, B., 1998. Supplementary issues for women. Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 23, pp. 197-202. U.S.FDA, 2014. Protecting and Promoting Your Health. [Online] Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/default.htm [Accessed 27 Aug 2014]. Walji, H., 1995. Vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements : a definitive guide to healthy eating. s.l.:London :Headway. 1
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Repressed Personality and Sexual Subtleties in Robert Louis Stevenson D
Repressed Personality and Sexual Subtleties in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The Tragedies of repression In the reference book Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia Stevenson is noted for saying that "fiction should render the truths that make life significant" (760). We see this most closely in his Jekyll/Hyde experiment when Jekyll explains why he invented his infamous potion. Jekyll says: "I concealed my pleasures; and when I reached years of reflection...I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life" (Stevenson, 42). Because of this feeling of being one thing in the public's eye, well respected and controlled, and another on his own, Hyde invents an outlet. This outlet becomes, at least symbolically, a representation of male hysteria, a psychological disorder stereotypically associated with women. Jekyll says "my two natures had memory in common" (48). Thus, Hyde is free to express his base and immoral self without conscience while Jekyll is voyeuristically allowed to watch without regret since the actions are not his own, but a different entities altogether. Jekyll is described crying like a woman behind closed doors because Hyde has become the dominant personality (Showalter, 114). Stevenson's narrative reflects some of the effects of socialization and their influence on the repression of certain forms of sexuality, specifically homosexuality, which we will explore a little later. Jekyll begins waking as Hyde, suggesting that when his social controls are weakest, Hyde is free to come out. The story dramatizes social norms, the search to deviate from them, and rid oneself of responsibility for one's actions that go against these norms. As Jekyll gets used to becoming Hyde, the socialized and repressed Je... ...nd abnormal for their feelings. This is quite different than facing explicitly one's repressed feelings or sexualilty, which the public often reacts violently against. Works Cited Showalter, Elaine."Dr. Jekyll's Closet." Sexual Anarchy: New York: Penguin Books,1990. 105-126. Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. New York: Dover Publishing, Inc., 1991. Waters, Chris. "Robert Louis Stevenson". Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Sally Mitchell and Michael J. Herr. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc, 1988. 760-761. Swade. "Lesbian Tribal Chant History page". http://www.swade.net/swadepages/les_hist.htm Accessed 4/20/99. Ennis, Jane. "VICTORIA Digest - 27 Mar 1998 to 28 Mar 1998 ". Accessed 4/20/99. http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/englit-victorian/1998-04/0003.html
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Taoist Reading of Tintern Abbey by William Wordsworth :: Poetry Religion Taoism
Wordsworth's 'hsà ¼': towards a Taoist reading of Tintern Abbey Five years have passed; five summers, with the length Of five long winters! And again I hear These waters, rolling from their mountain springs With a sweet inland murmur. (1-4) "Tintern Abbey"'s opening lines prepare the reader for a reunion, notable in tone not only for the sense of anticipation with which the poet apprehends this moment, but equally so for the poignancy which immediately inflects the poem's proceedings. My reading of "Tintern Abbey" takes as its most prominent concern the sense in which Wordsworth's "Revisiting the Banks of the Wye" represents a haven-seeking of sorts. Since his visit to the Wye in 1793, much has happened to Wordsworth: he has found, and relinquished, his first romantic love in Annette Vallon. As a young would-be radical, sympathetic to the ideals of the French Revolution, he finds himself at odds with London's entrenched conservatism. In 1795, after well over a decade of only intermittent contact with his sister, Wordsworth and his beloved Dorothy are reunited at Racedown, at about the same time that they make the acquaintance of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Within two years of this happy occasion, the two Wordsworths wi ll move to Alfoxden to be near Coleridge. The ensuing years of intense friendship and creative discourse will yield, by 1798, the collaborative Lyrical Ballads, to which "Tintern Abbey" belongs. As we consider the tumult and activity that have characterized this period of his life, we might well speculate upon the nature of the thoughts going through Wordsworth's mind as he surveys the Abbey from his vantage on the riverbank; my own temptation is to equate the quietly reflective tone of the poem with the Taoist notion of hsà ¼. In Taoism hsà ¼ is defined -- in describing a state of mind -- as meaning: absolute peacefulness and purity of mind and freedom from worry and selfish desires and not to be disturbed by incoming impressions or to allow what is already in the mind to disturb what is coming into the mind. Hsà ¼-shih means unreality and reality, but hsà ¼ also means profound and deep continuum in which there is no obstruction. (Wing-tsit Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton University Press, 1963.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
The Big Bang(personal Account) (tragedy) :: essays research papers
The Big Bang      My lesson about playing with fire was a hard one learned. That one summer day so long ago was one of the longest days in my life. The morning was a normal one. The afternoon was when things started to heat up. That night was one I thought would never end.That morning was one just like any other summer day. The sun was bright and warm. We also had family in from Colorado. My Aunt and Uncle were there with my two cousins. They were planning on staying with us the entire summer. My parents had just installed a 4 1/2 foot above ground swimming pool for all of us to enjoy that summer.      That afternoon every body was up and busy doing their own things. My brother and I were out in the neighborhood playing with our friends. When we came home for lunch my dad asked us to unload his truck and put everything in the shed. My parents, aunt and uncle were leaving to go out for the evening. They were leaving us in the care of my cousins who are several years older than us. After we had lunch and my parents had left, my brother and I started to unload the truck. I grabbed the first load and headed for the shed. I was in the shed putting things away for about ten minutes. My brother was still not back there with another load. I went around the front of the house looking for him when I saw a flash. As I reached the driveway I saw my brother just as he was throwing another match on the driveway. When the match hit the concrete a flare of fire leaped up about five foot and was gone just as fast as it appeared. I immediately forgot about unloading the truck and joined my brother. He explained to me how it worked. He handed me a five-pound can of gunpowder and told me to pour a small pile out on the driveway. After I did and back away he tore out another match from the pack, struck it and threw it on the pile of powder. Again the flash leaped from the driveway. We continued this way, with me pouring and him throwing the match, until we were down to the second to last match. We had to figure out a way to continue before we were out of matches. The Big Bang(personal Account) (tragedy) :: essays research papers The Big Bang      My lesson about playing with fire was a hard one learned. That one summer day so long ago was one of the longest days in my life. The morning was a normal one. The afternoon was when things started to heat up. That night was one I thought would never end.That morning was one just like any other summer day. The sun was bright and warm. We also had family in from Colorado. My Aunt and Uncle were there with my two cousins. They were planning on staying with us the entire summer. My parents had just installed a 4 1/2 foot above ground swimming pool for all of us to enjoy that summer.      That afternoon every body was up and busy doing their own things. My brother and I were out in the neighborhood playing with our friends. When we came home for lunch my dad asked us to unload his truck and put everything in the shed. My parents, aunt and uncle were leaving to go out for the evening. They were leaving us in the care of my cousins who are several years older than us. After we had lunch and my parents had left, my brother and I started to unload the truck. I grabbed the first load and headed for the shed. I was in the shed putting things away for about ten minutes. My brother was still not back there with another load. I went around the front of the house looking for him when I saw a flash. As I reached the driveway I saw my brother just as he was throwing another match on the driveway. When the match hit the concrete a flare of fire leaped up about five foot and was gone just as fast as it appeared. I immediately forgot about unloading the truck and joined my brother. He explained to me how it worked. He handed me a five-pound can of gunpowder and told me to pour a small pile out on the driveway. After I did and back away he tore out another match from the pack, struck it and threw it on the pile of powder. Again the flash leaped from the driveway. We continued this way, with me pouring and him throwing the match, until we were down to the second to last match. We had to figure out a way to continue before we were out of matches.
Monday, September 16, 2019
Buddhist religion Essay
The Four Noble Truths are the foundations of the Buddhist religion. From these emanate the rituals and beliefs still practiced today. The Buddhist philosophy centers on the basic truth that with the existence of life, the presence of suffering comes along with it. So, it is a primary aim of a Buddhist to alleviate oneself from the suffering of life. Hence, this contemporary Buddhist practices revolve around the four Noble Truths which explain how to end suffering and guide one’s self into what they call Nirvana, an enlightened state of being. To end suffering, one must overcome ignorance, craving or attachment to worldly pleasures which are rooted to the evils of lust, hatred and delusion. To overcome these evils and hasten their way towards Nirvana, most of Buddhist monks practice celibacy, teaching and preaching. Their days are often spent in rituals, devotion and meditating. What defines the basic moral code of the Buddhist religion is the observance of five precepts which prohibit killing, stealing, harmful language, sexual misbehavior, and getting intoxicated. To counteract these evils and overcome suffering, Buddhists try to instill within their very selves the practices of loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity. They pray fervently, contemplate, and devote their lives to simple chores and service to others in order to facilitate the achievement of their enlightenment. To encapsulate these practices meant to suppress suffering is to follow Siddhartha Buddha’s Noble Eight-Fold Path which consists of right views, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right-mindedness, and right contemplation. Following this path will lead, eventually, a believer towards Nirvana.
Globalization of Production in the Textile and Clothing Industries Essay
East European full reintegration into the world economy had already started during the eighties, but the end of the decade and the beginning of the nineties saw a sudden spurt in that direction. This has taken the form not only of a swift trade reorientation towards the West, especially the EU, but also of new forms of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), subcontracting and cooperation agreements with Western enterprises. As a consequence, Eastern Europe has become deeply involved in the larger process of globalisation of production characterizing the international economy, where firms’ operations are becoming much more complex and pervasive than traditional arms-length trade and traditional international investment, including both international production and sourcing. Therewith the process of transition to the market appears to be more and more intertwined with Western firms’ strategies. It is then of some interest to analyse the extent of such relocation, its various forms and the possible impact on both the relocating and the host countries. International relocation can be analysed from different points of view. The perspective of the present paper is to concentrate on one of the most important trade partners of Eastern Europe – Italy – and on two industrial sectors in which the latter is specialised in production and exports – textiles and clothing, which are also of paramount importance in Eastern Europe’s exports. A few data on production, employment, investment and foreign trade may suffice to show the enormous importance of these industries for Italy. In 1993 this country produced almost 40% of the entire EU production of textiles, including knitwear. The other major EU countries followed rather distanced: France (17% – including household textiles), Germany (16%) and the UK (11%). The correspondig employment for Italy was 30% of the EU total, taking into account also the firms with less than 20 employees. The second most important country – Germany – employed just half of that amount. Finally investment, both total and per head employed, reveals a similar pattern, these two countries being followed by France and the UK. The ranking is similar in the clothing industry. In 1993 Italy represented 41% of total EU production, 24% of total employment (including firms with less than 20 employees) and headed the investment ranking, both in absolute terms and on a per capita employed basis. It should be added, in this respect, the particular consumption habits of Italians, who devote to clothing a much higher share of their total consumer spending than the other European nationals. The importance of the internal market is only paralleled by the place of the two sectors in Italian foreign trade. During the last few years Italy has been the second or third world exporter both of textiles and of clothing products, if one excludes Hong Kong due to the paramount importance of its reexports. She is the first Western supplier of the G7 markets for clothing and first on a par with Germany for textiles. The industry presents the second, and growing, largest positive trade balance in Italian foreign trade. The two sectors together represent 11% of her total exports, but a much lesser share of her imports (5%). However imports tend to grow faster than exports. A growing number of competitors is gaining market shares in the EU, at the expense of the traditional leaders like Italy and Germany. Import penetration, which has roughly doubled in the last ten years, is but one of the factors that, starting from the late eighties, is exerting growing pressure on the whole industry at a EU level. Production is falling and labour productivity rising much faster than in average manufacturing. The result for the EU has been 639,000 jobs lost in 1988-94, equal to almost 30% of all job losses in the manufacturing industry. Italy was also hit, although less than other European countries for the reasons indicated later. What is the particular place of Eastern Europe in this process? The CEECs represent only roughly 3% of Italian total trade in textiles, but a much larger share in Italian imports of clothing – 15% -, their importance in Italian exports of the same being minor (2%) (table 1). Almost half of the Italian imports of clothing from Eastern Europe come from Romania and more than one fifth from Hungary, the rest being spread among the Czech and Slovak Republics, Bulgaria and Poland, in the order. Together with an increasing deficit for Italy, the share of clothing in total Italian imports from each CEEC has been increasing recently in all cases, and particularly so from Romania and Bulgaria, where it now stands at 41% and 27%, respectively, and from Hungary (12%). The two sectors behave asymmetrically: clothing looms from two to eight times larger in Italian imports than exports, while textiles are far more important in Italian exports, at the exception of exports to former Czechoslovakia. This was also the only country with which Italy ran a deficit in textiles (today with the Czech Republic). Previous studies conducted by the author (Graziani 1993, 1994a, 1994b, 1995) show a generalized relative specialization of the CEECs in most clothing products both on the EU and on the Italian market. Moreover, in both markets import penetration ratios for the same are on the increase. Does this mean that Italian textile and clothing industry is losing ground vis a vis East European producers? The question is whether international trade data – like surpluses and deficits, market shares, specialization indices and import penetration ratios – by themselves are to be considered reliable competitiveness indicators, if a substantial part of trade flows is in some way or other tied to the importing country. From this perspective, imports into the relocating country could ideally be divided into three distinct flows: a) ‘untied’ imports from foreign firms; b) imports derived from non-equity cooperation agreements (in particular from subcontracting) ; and c) FDI-related imports. International relocation of production – taken here to mean not only the physical delocalisation of production abroad, but also the organized sourcing from other countries – affects directly the two latter flows and is then crucial for interpreting the meaning of trade indicators and trends. 2) The Italian model until the mid-1980s International relocation has been almost completely absent in the Italian experience of textile and clothing production until at least the mid1980s. Contrary to the growing international redeployment of its main EU competitor – Germany -, Italian relations with foreign markets were mostly centered on arms-length exports. The few affiliates abroad of Italian bigger firms had just the task to support the sales network in the recipient country. This explains also why Italy did not incur into the same dramatic employment reduction suffered by Germany, wich lost half of it in the last twenty years. Besides limited FDI, Italian manufacturers did also avoid subcontracting abroad by obtaining its advantages on a purely domestic level. The logics of subcontracting are well known, all the more so in the textile and clothing industry. Through it, producers look for: 1) lower costs, since the subcontractors do not invoice for indirect costs; 2) more flexible and reactive supply, that can be disposed of in case of ceased necessity; and 3) eventually some expertise and know-how not available in-house. Subcontracting has always been important within Western Europe. According to a recent survey, in 1992 the clothing subcontracting sector employed in the EU 800,000 workers, including 200,000 artisans and 150,000 illicit workers (Mercer 1994). This is equal to roughly 26% of total EU employment in the textile and clothing industry. Nearly 30% were in Italy and 17% in the UK, the others following suit. Up to the mid1980s Italian producers could limit subcontracting almost exclusively within the national boundaries. The following features allowed its coming to life and its efficiency: a) the main and most original factor was represented by the so-called â€Å"industrial districts†(Becattini 1987 ). Production was concentrating in a small area, with a myriad of interdependent small enterprises, horizontally and vertically specialized in each of the subsectors of the industry. Production of wool in Prato and Biella, silk in Como and knitting in Carpi are but a few examples of such districts. We are here in a typical Marshallian world of economies external to the enterprise, but internal to the industry, where all the firms, independently from their size, may reap the benefits from a certain clustering of activities. A traditional culture of industrial work, specialized skills both of workers and services, the possibility of rapid exchange of inventions and improvements, coupled with the widespread use of subcontracting, often to the lower paid workers of the so-called informal economy, were enhancing the locational advantages and decreasing the transaction costs, compensating in this way the higher official labour costs vis a vis lower-wage countries (Forti 1994a); b) most firms were family-run and rather small, a limited number of medium size, as compared to the average West European, while the few larger ones had not yet reached the minimum critical threshold below which a clothing manufacturer is not able to finance the very high costs of internationalization, some of which are typically ‘sunk’ costs ; c) the main outlet was represented by the national market, where a very fragmented retail network (in clothing) acted as a relative shelter from foreign competition, limiting the import penetration ratio to a level well under the EU average; d) progressively, Italian producers had chosen the product differentiation path (especially in clothing), by positioning themselves in the up-market segments, characterized by non price competition and a high fashion-, quality- and value-added content. As one knows, internationalisation of production is all the more convenient the larger the amounts to be produced and the more standardized the productive processes. ) finally, especially in the textile sector, Italian producers had continually fostered technological innovation, obtaining the highest productivity levels in the world, which allowed them to compete worldwide. 3) From domestic to international relocation: the new strategy of Italian firms. Apart from the progressive erosion of industrialized countries’ market shares, by the mid- 1980s new features were emerging in the textile and clothing sector. First of all on the international demand side. Consumption growth started to show the first signs of stagnation, while a general rethinking of the relative value of intrinsic quality as against style was in the making. More in general, a better quality/price relation was sought for. Price elasticity increased also for the high fashion- and quality-content goods. A further factor peculiar to Italy was also at work. Domestic demand started to flatten out at the end of the eighties, bringing it more in line with the demand patterns of the other industrialized countries. On the supply side, at the domestic level the concentration rate in both sectors was rapidly increasing, while large firms reorganized and diversified their production. At the same time, Italy became a very high cost country, moreover characterized by a rather rigid labour market. Abroad, emerging countries were progressively upgrading the quality of their products, through a continuous learning process. On the whole, price competitiveness tended to become more stringent. Increasing competition was stemming as well from the concentration processes affecting the distribution sector. Large distributors tended to place big orders and to intervene in the choice of styles, quality, timing and service standards (OETH 1994). A final contingent factor favourable to the internationalisation of production was due to the real appreciation of the lira between 1987 and 1992, which favoured international operations like FDI and subcontracting. As a consequence, Italian firms started to undergo a rather rapid shift from a purely commercial approach at the international level to a relocation approach. This path was followed not only by large, but also by medium and small enterprises. Relocation expressed itself in two main ways: non-equity cooperation agreements – licensing, management contracts, but above all subcontracting – with some FDI, in lower wage countries; equity agreements – mostly FDI in the form of acquisitions – at first in the most developed markets; These two main ways of redeployment obviously respond to different motivations. At the beginning, relocation in low-wage countries took mainly the form of international subcontracting. The only exception was represented by the textile group Miroglio, which already in 1971 had realized some FDI in Greece, Tunisia and Egypt. In a second phase, the same group has switched to an organization of production based on so called ‘platforms’, that have the task of undertaking some downstream operations in the clothing industry and of optimizing the relations with nearby subcontractors. We have already noted above that the most powerful force behind Italian firms’ subcontracting has certainly been the abatement of production costs (cost saving subcontracting). East Europeans subcontractors have been used only in a very minor way as carrying out special functions (specialty subcontracting) or else as capacity reservoirs in case of occasional demand surges (complementary subcontracting). It can also take various forms. The most widespread is at the start a simple agreement with a local producer in order to buy the final product. At most, the Italian firm bought locally or elsewhere the intermediate products necessary to the productive process. In other cases subcontracting involved the export of semifinished products and the reimport of the finished ones, both without or under the outward processing traffic (OPT) regime. Very similar in nature to the US operations of offshore assembly provisions in other fields of industry as well, OPT takes place when some phases of the textile and clothing production chain – typically: the sewing phase – are carried out by foreign subcontractors. The latter utilise fabrics provided (and owned) by the subcontracting firm, temporarily exported towards the processing country under an EC tariff exemption regime. Up to the entry into force of the Interim Agreements of the EAs customs tariffs were levied only on the value added abroad. Since then, they were abolished altogether. On the other hand, acquisitions in the most sophisticated markets allowed Italian producers to attain several objectives: a) to acquire prestigious brand names; b) to adhere more closely to the host nation’s consumers’ tastes, especially in the medium segments absorbing large amounts of production, and gain market shares from within, keeping a presence in strategic markets; c) possibly, to penetrate third markets and also reimport part of the production; and d) to use the international subcontracting network of the acquired company, especially if it is German. So Marzotto, one of the top textile group in Italy, has acquired the German clothing company Hugo Boss, with a lengthy experience of subcontracting abroad, mainly in Eastern Europe. The aim is to have in a few years half of its production abroad. Another big group, Miroglio, has secured smaller, but more numerous firms: the clothing companies Caroline Rohmer and Sym Claverie in France and Glaeser, Flick, Skarabeus and Gili in Germany, plus the German textile company Steiger&Deschler (Ulmia). Finally GFT acquired the third German clothing producer, Baumler.
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Peter Singer’s Solution to World Poverty Essay
How can we help people in need, and become better human beings? How can it be that we have money for new cars, houses and vacations, but when UNICEF or some other kind of healthcare organization ask us for just 2 dollars, we turn them down right away? In the article â€Å"Solution to world poverty†Peter Singer gives some of his suggestions on how to help others, and become better persons. Singer tells a story about a man named Bob. Bob just bought himself a new car. The car he bought is one of the most expensive cars you can get. A classic Volkswagen Bugatti. He then has to make a choice. He either has to let his car get destroyed and save the life of a child or save the car and let the child get killed. He chose to save the car. The other story comes from a Brazilian film, a woman called Dora, all she has to leave a homeless nine years old boy to a family that will adopt him in order to make a thousand dollars. Dora delivers the boy into his new family, but she is told that the boy was too old for adoption and he would be killed for organs used in transplantation. To save the boy, Dora decides to take the boy back. In fact Dora would like to save the boy because she has the direct contact with him, but for Bob, he never ever see this kid before, they have no relationship or any contact at all. But what is luxury? Money can be divided into two categories. â€Å"Need to have†and â€Å"Nice to have†. Food is something you need to have, clothes is something you need to have, but a vacation is just nice to have. â€Å"Nice to have â€Å" is just a luxury. I have just used 300 dollars on a new Xbox, but instead of using 300 dollars on this machine, I could have donated the money to the research of cancer. I would not mind giving the 300 dollars to some kind of healthcare organization, but now when I have the Xbox at my home, I say to myself that â€Å"it’s too late†, but in reality it’s not. All I have to do is return the Xbox, and give the money to the organization, but I know I won’t. Singer uses the stories to let himself into the conscience of his readers. Singer says: â€Å"If you think that is was very wrong of Bob not to throw the switch that would have diverted the train and saved the child’s life, then it is hard to see how you could deny that it is also very wrong not to send money to one of the organizations listed above.†Singer â€Å"blames me†for delaying the cure of cancer, when I bought that Xbox, instead of donating the money. I’m sure that the most of people, who have read this article, would think about the subject â€Å"donating†without doing anything more than think about it. Singers article is provoking, and you feel bad after you have read it, and maybe that’s the thing we need. What about people, how would it affect them? Most people might become more humane. The concept of donating would be difficult for the first couple of years, but slowly the public would start to get use to donating. After a few generations, it would be a part of the everyday life, around the world. Singer writes: â€Å"But he was not unlucky at all. We are all in that situation.†Singer is referring to the choice Bob had to make. Singer means that we all have to choose between life or death. Luxury or healthcare. If Peter Singer’s plan were to actually work, the amount of lives saved would be enormous. By donating the money that would otherwise would go to luxuries, organizations such as UNICEF would send the money overseas to the people who need it. With that money, they could buy food, water, and get roofs above their heads and many other products that are considered to be necessary . There is one problem, however: how much of the money donated would actually reach the people it was intended for? Some organizations take a percentage of the donated money to cover administrative costs. I have talked to a member of Green Peace, and he could not tell me how much of the money that was donated, actually goes to the area that needs it. If only one third of the donated money goes to the troubled area, it’s no wonder why the results is in so slow progress.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Bmw Research Paper Essay
BMW is enhancing the travel experience for drivers and passengers while also launching a series of new platforms The BMW Group – one of Germany’s largest industrial companies – is also one of the most successful car and motorcycle manufacturers in the world and 2011 was its best year to date. With almost 1. 7 million vehicles sold, the BMW Group is the world’s leading premium manufacturer in terms of sales volume. Its three automobile brands, BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce, and the BMW and Husqvarna motorcycles brands led to record sales of â‚ ¬68. 8bn. During 2011, the company introduced five new BMW models across the 1,3,5 and 6 series as well as the Mini Coupe and the Rolls-Royce 102EX, the first electric vehicle in the ultra-luxury segment. In addition, the company also launched a new sub brand – BMW i – that includes the i3 all-electric and i8 plug-in hybrid concept cars due for launch in 2013. However, as well as selling more products than ever and expanding production capacity, especially for the all-important China market, the company also kicked off a number of strategic partnerships for the future. These included the start of the BMW Peugeot Citroen Electrification joint venture, the acquisition of a strategic investment in SGL Carbon SE and the cooperation with Toyota Motor Corporation in basic research for battery cell technology. Although a significant manufacturer, BMW is not part of a larger company like its main competitor Audi. As BMW invests heavily in innovation to continue to produce the ultimate driving experience, keeping its power options open is key, so as the shift towards electric continues to gather speed these development partnerships are vital elements in the company’s growth strategy.
Friday, September 13, 2019
Do the research of Marketing(1000 words) and Financing(1250 words) Essay
Do the research of Marketing(1000 words) and Financing(1250 words) strategies - Essay Example The paper shall discuss important financial decisions that could help positively influence the company’s decisions. It is inevitable in the company. The company has branches in Asia, Europe and the USA. The Companies trade with each other, and they establish a price for transaction. According to financial experts, it is a method that tries to minimize the overall tax bill and increase the general profits. To remain competitive and compliant, the company must manage effectively the issue of transfer pricing. The finance section’s tax department has a comprehensive solution that helps in management of every step of transfer pricing step. The company should improve its software provisions because transfer pricing depends heavily on data. Good software will assist the parent company in the US to manage both the external and internal sources. It is a model that demands the company to finance its own operation using internally generated funds. Managers prefer this model because it reduces the risk of under investment, which could result to long-term debt problem. There are scenarios where the company does not have sufficient funds to run its internal operations. Such case will see the company issue debts to finance the operations. Using pecking order theory, the company will avoid financing its internal operations using the external equity capital, which could cause long-term debt. The company grants shares to the members of the public. In the US where the parent company operates, the government introduced Financial Accounting Standards Board. The board demands corporations to operate in restricted stock. It means the company has to value shares theoretically when granted. Literature reviews that concern finance indicates how there is no clear definition of increase in earnings and stock prices after aligning the interests of the employee and the employer in connection with share’s long-term effectiveness (Hinde &
Thursday, September 12, 2019
Critical Essay On The Book The Crusades through Arab Eyes
Critical On The Book The Crusades through Arab Eyes - Essay Example The book stands out among other books written on this subject, for it differs from other books in its focus. Majority of books have depicted the Crusades from the Western perspective. This book focuses on the Arab forces and their thoughts. The author begins the book by describing the fear that Franj troops created in the minds of Arab leaders. King Kilij Arslan was the first Arab King who was informed about the approach of Franj troops. â€Å"The King Kilij Arslan whom Ibn al-Qalanisi mentions here was not yet seventeen when their invader arrived. The first Muslim leader to be informed of their approach, but also the first to be routed by the formidable knights. The news of the invasion was received with fear, as Arslan was aware that the Franj troops brought ruin and destruction. The attitude of Arab world towards Franj troops is depicted in the thoughts of Arslan. Although they were ignorant of their aims, they were sure that Franj troops were coming to harm them. Arslan repre sented the outlook of the Arab world towards Franj troops. â€Å"He immediately feared the worst. Naturally, he had no idea as to the real aims of these people, but in his view, nothing good could come of their arrival in the Orient.†. The Arab world viewed the Franj troops with distrust and fear. The book also sheds light on the conduct of Arabs and Franj troops during the Crusades. The Franj troops claimed that they followed the teachings of Christian but their behaviour defied their claim. Â
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
Middle East culture in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Middle East culture in business - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in this age of globalization, partnerships and outsourcing are becoming to be the model of businesses. In this deal, it is important to try and learn the customs and traditions of the country, one has to deal with so as not to offend the hosts. The Middle East is a very large group of diverse culture. The researcher will begin with the discussion of religion. Religion is a way life for the Muslims, and it has an important bearing when doing business with them. Muslims pray five times a day, so sometimes, in meetings, they have to be excused. Employers should also understand that Muslim employees have to leave their workplace on Friday afternoons for the mosque.  In contrast, religious practices of Christians found in the Western and Asian culture do not interfere with business because they do only go to Church on Sundays and special occasions and has no need to leave their places when praying. Like the Islam nations, Western faith is based on the Bible. It is not good to do business with Muslims during their celebration of the holy month of Ramadan because businesses are closed and they tend to spend the holidays with their families or at their holy shrine. They observe fasting from dawn to dusk and extensively engaged in their worship, so business must wait as it becomes their second priority. The month of Ramadan is observed every tenth month of the Islamic calendar. Westerns do not observe this month-long religious activity that often interferes with business.
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